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The End of Snoring? Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing for Sleep Disorders

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Abstract

Science selected it as the 2015 Breakthrough of the Year: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, also known as CRISPR. Adaptive immunity in some bacteria and archaea allow to respond and eliminate invading genetic material; CRISPR and CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes are new molecular techniques that allow deleting, replacing or otherwise editing DNA. Using modified bacterial protein and a RNA that allows a guidance to a specific DNA sequence, CRISPR provides a striking control over several genes by not deleting the entire gene but just inactivating it by deleting few bases. CRISPR/Cas9 has been used to generate knockout cells or animals by co-expressing a gRNA specific to the gene to be targeted and the endonuclease Cas9. This novel system has been tested in diverse species, with promising potential uses in humans. Theoretically, CRISPR/Cas9 will be able to remove genetic mutations related to incurable diseases, such as HIV, and certain cancer types. This scenario draws tentative and promising conditions using CRISPR/Cas9 as preventive and therapeutic tool in medical area. As expected, several groups have begun to test the putative gene editing properties of CRISPR/Cas9 on human cells. Since sleep disorders have been linked with specific genes, in this review, we suggest areas that require further investigation and experimental and/or clinical approaches to treat sleep disturbances using CRISPR/Cas9.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Carretera Mérida-Progreso Km. 15.5, A.P. 96 Cordemex, C.P. 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Eric Murillo-Rodríguez

  2. Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Eric Murillo-Rodríguez

  3. Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Nuno Barbosa Rocha

  4. Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Porto, Portugal

    Nuno Barbosa Rocha

  5. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    André Barciela Veras

  6. Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil

    André Barciela Veras

  7. Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    André Barciela Veras & Sérgio Machado

  8. Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Henning Budde

  9. Sports Science Department, School of Science and Engineering, Physical Activity, Physical Education, Health and Sport Research Centre (PAPESH), Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland

    Henning Budde

  10. Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania

    Henning Budde

  11. Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Hamburgh, Germany

    Henning Budde

  12. Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Sérgio Machado

  13. Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program of Salgado de Oliveira University, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil

    Sérgio Machado

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  1. Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
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  2. Nuno Barbosa Rocha
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  3. André Barciela Veras
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  4. Henning Budde
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  5. Sérgio Machado
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eric Murillo-Rodríguez.

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All data reported in this paper are from public repositories.

Funding

This work was supported by The University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC MEXUS) and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT(Grant(CN-17-19) and Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab Grant (PresInvEMR2014) given to E.M.-R.

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Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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In Memoriam. Dr. René Drucker-Colín was Emeritus Researcher at National Autonomous University of Mexico as well as Head of the Office of Secretary of Science and Technology in Mexico City. Dr. Drucker-Colin passed away on Saturday, September 17th, 2017 at the age of 80. He was a world-renowned researcher in neurobiology area who received the National Science and Arts Prize (Mexico) and many other honors. Dr. Drucker-Colin’s contributions into the neurobiology of sleep–wake control have been recognized nationally and internationally. His deep commitment into social problems as well as constant enthusiasm in research will be missed by all scientific community.

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Murillo-Rodríguez, E., Rocha, N.B., Veras, A.B. et al. The End of Snoring? Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing for Sleep Disorders. Sleep Vigilance 2, 13–21 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41782-017-0018-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41782-017-0018-5

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