Skip to main content
Log in

Source Separation of Heartbeat Sounds for Effective E-Auscultation

  • Original Contribution
  • Published:
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper proposes a cost effective solution for improving the effectiveness of e-auscultation. Auscultation is the most difficult skill for a doctor, since it can be acquired only through experience. The heart sound mixtures are captured by placing the four numbers of sensors at appropriate auscultation area in the body. These sound mixtures are separated to its relevant components by a statistical method independent component analysis. The separated heartbeat sounds can be further processed or can be stored for future reference. This idea can be used for making a low cost, easy to use portable instrument which will be beneficial to people living in remote areas and are unable to take the advantage of advanced diagnosis methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. L.S. Bickley, B. Bates, P.G. Szilagyi, Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 9th Revised edn. (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005)

  2. J.B. Kostis, Mechanisms of heart sounds. Am. Heart J. 89, 546 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. R.S. Geethu, S.N. George, M.K. Krishna, A proposal for source separation of heartbeat sounds and its FPGA implementation. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), pp. 755–758 (2012)

  4. M.K. Krishna, K.V. Pramod, R.S. Geethu, Source separation of heartbeat sounds. MES JTM, 1(2), 65–71

  5. S. Makino, S. Araki, R. Mukai, H. Sawada, Audio Source Separation Based on Independent Component Analysis. ISCAS 668–671 (2004)

  6. T.W. Lee, A.J. Bell, R. Orglmeister, Blind source separation of real world signals. Neural Netw. 4, 2129–2134 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  7. X. Hongyan, H. Jinyong, Blind Separation of Weak Aignals Under Chaotic Background, 978-1-4244-4134-1/09©2009 IEEE

  8. J.-F. Cardoso, Blind signal separation: statistical principles. In Proceedings of the IEEE, Special Issue on Blind Identification and Estimation, vol. 9, pp. 2009–2025 (1998)

  9. A. Hyvarinen, Fast and robust fixed-point algorithms for independent component analysis. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 10, 626–634 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hyvarinen, J. Karhunen, E. Oja, Independent component analysis: algorithms and applications. Neural Netw. 13, 411–430 (2000)

  11. A. Hyvarinen, E. Oja, Independent Component Analysis: A Tutorial. http://www.cis.hut.fi/projects/ica

  12. Hyvarinen et.al. Independent Component Analysis (Wiley, New York, 2001)

  13. J.V. Stone, Independent Component Analysis: A Tutorial Introduction (The MIT Press, Cambridge)

  14. J.-C. Chien, M.-C. Huang, Y.-D. Lin, F.-C. Chong, A study of heart and lung sound separation by independent component analysis technique. In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference, 2006, pp. 5708–5711

  15. K. Usman, M.A. Sadiq, H. Juzoji, I. Nakajima, A Study of Heartbeat Sound Separation Using Independent Component Analysis Technique. Enterprise Networking and Comp. in Healthcare Industry. Proceedings Volume, Issue, 28–29 June 2004, pp. 92–95

  16. X. Giannakopoulos, J. Karhunen, E. Oja, Experimental comparison of neural ICA algorithms. In: Proceedings on International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN’98), Skövde, Sweden, pp. 651–656 (1998)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. S. Geethu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Geethu, R.S., Krishnakumar, M., Pramod, K.V. et al. Source Separation of Heartbeat Sounds for Effective E-Auscultation. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. B 97, 69–75 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40031-015-0186-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40031-015-0186-4

Keywords

Navigation