Abstract
Lateral gene transfer is any process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from a phylogenetically distant and reproductively isolated organism. A previous survey demonstrated that two Japanese populations of Monochamus alternatus Hope carried many Wolbachia genes that had been acquired by lateral gene transfer in their own genomes, but were not infected with Wolbachia. To understand the prevalence of Wolbachia infection and laterally transferred Wolbachia genes in this beetle, we performed a broader survey of natural populations covering two subspecies of M. alternatus from Japan (M. alternatus endai) and Taiwan (M. alternatus alternatus). We detected laterally transferred Wolbachia genes in all Japanese and Taiwanese populations of M. alternatus, but no Wolbachia infection in any population. In addition, we confirmed the absence of Wolbachia infection and of transferred Wolbachia genes in two Japanese populations of Monochamus saltuarius Gebler, which is a congeneric relative of M. alternatus. Our findings suggest that the Wolbachia endosymbiont as gene donor has disappeared from M. alternatus, and that the transfer of part of its genome to M. alternatus occurred in the ancestor of M. alternatus before the subspeciation event.
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Acknowledgments
We deeply thank the following researchers for help in collecting M. alternatus and M. saltuarius populations: Hajime Kosaka, Noritoshi Maehara, Eriko Kawaguchi, Seiichi Kanetani, Natsumi Kanzaki, Tadahisa Urano, Hideki Irei, Hiroshi Makihara, Shota Jikumaru, Kazuyuki Fujita, Tadao Goto, Takanori Kubono, Yu Ichihara, Toshiyuki Koiwa, Kazumi Kobayashi, Mitsuhiro Okada and Wataru Toki. The entry of the Taiwanese population of M. alternatus into Japan was permitted under special conditions by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 21Y1218. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A) (22688012) to TA, for Challenging Exploratory Research (23657163) to TA and HA, and for Scientific Research (C) (22570216) to NN from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science.
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Aikawa, T., Nikoh, N., Anbutsu, H. et al. Prevalence of laterally transferred Wolbachia genes in Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Appl Entomol Zool 49, 337–346 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-014-0256-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-014-0256-0