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Preconcentration and Simultaneous Determination of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Grilled Pork Samples by Ion-Pair-Based Surfactant-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

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Abstract

An effective ion-pair-based surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been evaluated for the extraction and preconcentration of four heterocyclic aromatic amines (i.e., 2-amino-3,4-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ); 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx); 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP); and 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-B]indole (Harmane)). In the extraction method, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as both ion-pairing and disperser agent and 1-octanol was selected as extraction solvent. The effects of various parameters on the extraction efficiency such as kind and concentration of surfactant, kind and volume of extraction, salt addition, vortex extraction, and centrifugation time were investigated. Under the selected condition, the method provided high enrichment factor in the ranged of 124–145. Good linearity was 0.01–1000 μg kg−1 with the correlation coefficient (R 2) > 0.999. The limit of detection was 0.01 μg kg−1 for all compounds. The matrix match calibration was used for quantitation of the target analytes in grilled pork samples. The proposed method was successfully applied to analysis of heterocyclic aromatic amines in grilled pork samples where good recoveries were obtained in the range of 90 and 106 %.

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Acknowledgments

This article is dedicated to Professor Dr. Kate Grudpan (Chiang Mai University, Thailand) in celebration of his 60th birthday. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports of this research by the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, the Commission on Higher Education (CHE), and Mahasarakham University.

Conflict of Interest

Jitlada Vichapong declares that she has no conflict of interest. Supalax Srijaranai declares that she has no conflict of interest. Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit declares that he has no conflict of interest. Wanna Kanchanamayoon declares that she has no conflict of interest. Rodjana Burakham declares that she has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Creative Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand

    Jitlada Vichapong & Wanna Kanchanamayoon

  2. Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand

    Supalax Srijaranai & Rodjana Burakham

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen, 40000, Thailand

    Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit

Authors
  1. Jitlada Vichapong
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  2. Supalax Srijaranai
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  3. Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit
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  4. Wanna Kanchanamayoon
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  5. Rodjana Burakham
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Correspondence to Jitlada Vichapong.

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Vichapong, J., Srijaranai, S., Santaladchaiyakit, Y. et al. Preconcentration and Simultaneous Determination of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Grilled Pork Samples by Ion-Pair-Based Surfactant-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Food Anal. Methods 9, 1120–1127 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0291-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0291-7

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