Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Durable silica antireflective coating prepared by combined treatment of ammonia and KH570 vapor

  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sol–gel silica antireflective (AR) coatings possess a high specific surface area that is more susceptible to be contaminated by absorption of contaminants from the environment, which will increase the refractive index and reduce the transmittance. Ammonia and γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570) vapor treatment was employed to passivate the silica AR coating, thereby enhancing the environmental stability. The properties of the coatings were characterized with Fourier transfer infrared absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, UV–Vis–NIR spectrometer, and contact angle measurement. The results showed that after the vapor treatment, the coatings became denser and the environmental stability was greatly improved. After being exposed to a humid environment (RH > 90%) and low-vacuum environment with intentionally induced organic contaminants for 60 days, the transmittance of the modified SiO2 coating decreased by only 0.08% and 0.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, the average transmittance decreased by only 0.02% after being rubbed for 1000 cycles, indicating that the co-treated coating also possessed a good abrasion resistance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Shang, Q, Zhou, Y, Xiao, G, “A Simple Method for the Fabrication of Silica-Based Superhydrophobic Surfaces.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 11 (4) 509–515 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Stöber, W, Fink, A, Bohn, E, “Controlled Growth of Monodisperse Silica Spheres in the Micron Size Range.” J. Colloid Interface Sci., 26 (1) 62–69 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang, X, Shen, J, “Sol–Gel Derived Durable Antireflective Coating for Solar Glass.” J. Sol–Gel Sci. Technol., 53 (2) 322–327 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang, SD, Shu, YY, “Superhydrophobic Antireflective Coating with High Transmittance.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 10 (4) 527–535 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Li, X, He, J, “In Situ Assembly of Raspberry-and Mulberry-Like Silica Nanospheres Toward Antireflective and Antifogging Coatings.” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 4 (4) 2204–2211 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Du, Y, Luna, LE, Tan, WS, et al., “Hollow Silica Nanoparticles in UV-Visible Antireflection Coatings for Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Substrates.” ACS Nano., 4 (7) 4308–4316 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Kim, BM, Yadav, HM, Kim, JS, “Self-Cleaning Performance of Sol–Gel-Derived TiO2/SiO2 Double-Layer Thin Films.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 13 (5) 905–910 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Lu, X, Wang, Z, Yang, X, et al., “Antifogging and Antireflective Silica Film and Its Application on Solar Modules.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 206 (6) 1490–1494 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu, B, Yeh, W, “Antireflective Surface Fabricated from Colloidal Silica Nanoparticles.” Colloids Surf. A., 356 (1) 145–149 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Faustini, M, Nicole, L, Boissiere, C, “Hydrophobic, Antireflective, Self-Cleaning, and Antifogging Sol–Gel Coatings: An Example of Multifunctional Nanostructured Materials for Photovoltaic Cells.” Chem. Mater., 22 (15) 4406–4413 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bautista, MC, Morales, A, “Silica Antireflective Films on Glass Produced by the Sol–Gel Method.” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells., 80 (2) 217–225 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Thomas, IM, “High Laser Damage Threshold Porous Silica Antireflective Coating.” Appl. Opt., 25 (9) 1481–1483 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Thomas, IM, “Method for the Preparation of Porous Silica Antireflection Coatings Varying in Refractive Index from 1.22 to 1.44.” Appl. Opt., 31 (28) 6145–6149 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Abdeldayem, HA, Dowdye, E, Canham, J, Jaeger, T, “Contamination and Radiation Effects on Spaceflight Laser Systems.” Proc. SPIE., 5897 589705 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Yeung, KM, Luk, WC, Tam, KC, et al., “2-Step Self-Assembly Method to Fabricate Broadband Omnidirectional Antireflection Coating in Large Scale.” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells., 95 (2) 699–703 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Marshall, KL, Culakova, Z, Ashe, B, Giacofei, C, Rigatti, AL, Kessler, TJ, Schmid, AW, Oliver, JB, Kozlov, A, “Vapor-Phase-Deposited Organosilane Coatings as ‘Hardening’ Agents for High-Peak-Power Laser Optics.” Proc. SPIE., 6674 667407 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Thomas, IM, Burnham, AK, Ertel, JR, Frieders, SC, “Method for Reducing the Effect of Environmental Contamination of Sol–Gel Optical Coatings.” Proc. SPIE., 3492 220–229 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Xu, Y, Wu, D, Sun, YH, Huang, ZX, et al., “Superhydrophobic Antireflective Silica Films: Fractal Surfaces and Laser-Induced Damage Thresholds.” Appl. Opt., 44 (4) 527–533 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Mahadik, SA, Kavale, MS, Mukherjee, SK, et al., “Transparent Superhydrophobic Silica Coatings on Glass by Sol–Gel Method.” Appl. Surf. Sci., 257 (2) 333–339 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ye, L, Zhang, Q, Zhang, Y, et al., “Design and Preparation of SiO2/TiO2/SiO2–TiO2 Antireflective Coatings with Excellent Abrasion-Resistance and Transmittance via Sol–Gel Process.” J. Inorg. Mater., 27 (8) 871–875 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Niu, Y, Yao, L, Shen, J, Wang, X, “Hydrophobic and Optical Properties of HMDS/Silica Hybrid Antireflective Coating Prepared via Sol–Gel Method.” Rare Metal Mater. Eng., 45 258–261 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Liu, Y, Shen, J, Zhou, B, et al., “Effect of Hydrophobicity on the Stability of Sol–Gel Silica Coatings in Vacuum and Their Laser Damage Threshold.” J. Sol–Gel Sci. Technol., 68 (1) 81–87 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yang, T, Tian, H, Chen, Y, “Preparation of Superhydrophobic Silica Films with Honeycomb-Like Structure by Emulsion Method.” J. Sol–Gel Sci. Technol., 49 (2) 243–246 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Niu, Y, Wang, X, Yao, L, et al., “Preparation of Octyltrimethoxysilane Modified SiO2 Hydrophobic Antireflective Coating.” J. Inorg. Mater., 31 (5) 499–504 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Belleville, PF, Floch, HG, “Ammonia-Hardening of Porous Silica Antireflective Coatings.” Proc. SPIE., 2288 25–32 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Wang, X, Shen, J, “A Review of Contamination-Resistant Antireflective Sol–Gel Coatings.” J. Sol–Gel Sci. Technol., 61 (1) 206–212 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Pareek, R, Kumbhare, MN, Mukherjee, C, “Effect of Oil Vapor Contamination on the Performance of Porous Silica Sol–Gel Antireflection-Coated Optics in Vacuum Spatial Filters of High-Power Neodymium Glass Laser.” Opt. Eng., 47 (2) 023801–023801 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhao, SN, Yan, LH, Lv, HB, et al., “Effects of Different Treatments on Contamination Resistant Capability of Sol–Gel SiO2 Film.” High Power Laser Part. Beams., 21 (2) 240–244 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Almeida, RM, Pantano, CG, “Structural Investigation of Silica Gel Films by Infrared Spectroscopy.” J. Appl. Phys., 68 (8) 4225–4232 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Ding, X, Yu, K, Jiang, Y, et al., “A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of Hollow Silica Nanoparticles.” Mater. Lett., 58 (27) 3618–3621 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Hong, RY, Li, JH, Chen, LL, et al., “Synthesis, Surface Modification and Photocatalytic Property of ZnO Nanoparticles.” Powder Technol., 189 (3) 426–432 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Wang, SD, Lin, BJ, Hsieh, CC, et al., “Application of Superhydrophobic Sol–Gel on Canvas.” Appl. Surf. Sci., 307 101–108 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Zhang, X, Zheng, F, Ye, L, et al., “A One-Pot Sol–Gel Process to Prepare a Superhydrophobic and Environment-Resistant Thin Film from ORMOSIL Nanoparticles.” RSC Adv., 4 (19) 9838–9841 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Nakata, K, Sakai, M, Ochiai, T, et al., “Antireflection and Self-Cleaning Properties of a Moth-Eye-Like Surface Coated with TiO2 Particles.” Langmuir, 27 (7) 3275–3278 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Voorhees, PW, “The Theory of Ostwald Ripening.” J. Stat. Phys., 38 (1) 231–252 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Yang, HG, Zeng, HC, “Preparation of Hollow Anatase TiO2 Nanospheres via Ostwald Ripening.” J. Phys. Chem. B., 108 (11) 3492–3495 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Floch, HG, Belleville, PF, “A Scratch-Resistant Single-Layer Antireflective Coating by a Low Temperature Sol–Gel Route.” J. Sol–Gel Sci. Technol., 1 (3) 293–304 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Nostell, P, Roos, A, Karlsson, B, “Optical and Mechanical Properties of Sol–Gel Antireflective Films for Solar Energy Applications.” Thin Solid Films, 351 (1) 170–175 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Xu, L, Geng, Z, He, J, et al., “Mechanically Robust, Thermally Stable, Broadband Antireflective, and Superhydrophobic Thin Films on Glass Substrates.” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6 (12) 9029–9035 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Joo, W, Kim, Y, Jang, S, et al., “Antireflection Coating with Enhanced Antiscratch Property from Nanoporous Block Copolymer Template.” Thin Solid Films, 519 (11) 3804–3808 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0204600), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11304228), “Chen Guang” project supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation (Grant No. 14CG19), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China

    Jichen Huang, Yuan Liu & Qun Liu

  2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

    Jichen Huang, Yuanyuan Cao, Jun Shen & Xiaodong Wang

Authors
  1. Jichen Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yuan Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuanyuan Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Qun Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jun Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xiaodong Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yuan Liu or Xiaodong Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Huang, J., Liu, Y., Cao, Y. et al. Durable silica antireflective coating prepared by combined treatment of ammonia and KH570 vapor. J Coat Technol Res 16, 615–622 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-018-0142-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-018-0142-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation