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Quantification and prediction of visually perceived specular gloss at three illumination/viewing geometries

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Abstract

In the present study, attempts were made to clarify the existence of a correlation between visually perceived and instrumentally measured specular gloss of a series of achromatic samples. To this end, seven achromatic physical scales of specular gloss each consisting of 10 or 11 samples were prepared using lithographically printed black, white, and five in between gray papers. The samples were visually assessed and subsequently quantified in terms of a visually uniform color constant lightness scale, by a panel of 14 observers in an especially designed unidirectional light compartment at three illumination/observation geometries, namely 20°/20°, 60°/60°, and 85°/85°. Four statistical parameters were utilized to determine the correlation between visually perceived and instrumentally measured specular gloss. The results show that the instrumental 60°/60° geometry is capable of efficiently quantifying the equivalent specular gloss as perceived by a human observer. Surprisingly, it was also possible to accurately predict the visually quantified specular gloss both at the 20° and the 85° geometries by the aid of applying special linear relationships derived from the instrumentally measured specular gloss of the 60° geometry.

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Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank Mr. Khosro Moradi at the Farabanafsh Chemical Co. and the Center of Excellence for Color Science and Technology for their support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran

    F. Mirjalili & S. Moradian

  2. Center of Excellence for Color Science and Technology, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, Iran

    S. Moradian

  3. Department of Color Physics, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, Iran

    F. Ameri

  4. Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran

    M. Amani Tehran

Authors
  1. F. Mirjalili
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  2. S. Moradian
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  3. F. Ameri
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  4. M. Amani Tehran
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to F. Ameri.

Appendix

Appendix

See Figs. A1, A2, A3 and Table A1.

Fig. A1
figure 11

Scatter plots of 20°, 60°, and 85° visual specular gloss differences (ΔE v) vs the corresponding gloss rank numbers for DG, MDG, MG, MLG, and LG achromatic Specular Gloss scales

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Fig. A2
figure 12

Scatter plots of 20°, 60°, and 85° instrumental specular gloss values (G i) vs the corresponding gloss rank numbers for DG, MDG, MG, MLG, and LG achromatic Specular Gloss scales

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Fig. A3
figure 13

Correlation between calculated instrumental differences (ΔG i) and the corresponding visually quantified differences (ΔE v) for DG, MDG, MG, MLG, and LG Specular Gloss scales

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Table A1 Instrumentally measured (ΔG i) and the corresponding predicted (ΔG predicted) specular gloss differences for 20° and 85° geometries for DG, MDG, MG, MLG, and LG Specular Gloss scales
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Mirjalili, F., Moradian, S., Ameri, F. et al. Quantification and prediction of visually perceived specular gloss at three illumination/viewing geometries. J Coat Technol Res 13, 239–256 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-015-9756-2

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