Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization and corrosion protection properties of composite material (PANI+TiO2) coatings on A304 stainless steel

  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work presents the corrosion protection behavior of A304 stainless steel in an acidic medium by using coatings based on polyaniline+TiO2 composite material. The influence of parameters such as concentration of aniline, TiO2 content, and pH of the solution were investigated. The coatings which had been deposited by cyclic voltammetry on substrates of A304 steel were then characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The cyclic voltammograms showed three redox couples characteristic of the different oxidation and reduction states of the produced polymer. PANI+TiO2 composite material was observed to exhibit higher corrosion resistance and better properties. The effectiveness of coatings in preventing corrosion was tested by potentiodynamic polarization studies and scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the morphology of the coatings. The results showed that PANI+TiO2 coatings offer good anticorrosion protection to steel in 1 M H2SO4 solutions. The micrograph taken at the coatings surface showed that (PANI+TiO2)/A304 composite was uniform in nature and TiO2 particles were uniformly covered by PANI. After immersion into a corrosive solution for 45 min, no aggressive effect was observed and the coating films were still present. Moreover, the formation of PANI+TiO2 composite was also confirmed by EDX. Furthermore, it was found that the presence of a low amount of TiO2 in PANI coatings afforded the best protection due to the formation of a coating layer on the metallic surface which behaved like a physical barrier against the aggressive medium attack.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sathiyanarayanan, S, Syed Azim, S, Venkatachari, G, “Corrosion Protection of Magnesium ZM 21 Alloy with Polyaniline–TiO2 Composite Containing Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 59 291–296 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Hermas, AA, Abdel Salam, M, Al-Juaid, SS, Qusti, AH, Abdelaal, MY, “Electrosynthesis and Protection Role of Polyaniline–Polvinylalcohol Composite on Stainless Steel.” Prog. Org. Coat., 77 403–411 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Peng, C-W, Chang, K-C, Weng, C-J, Lai, M-C, Hsu, C-H, Hsu, S-C, Hsu, Y-Y, Hung, W-I, Wei, Y, Yeh, J-M, “Nano-casting Technique to Prepare Polyaniline Surface with Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Structures for Anticorrosion Application.” Electrochim. Acta, 95 192–199 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kalendová, A, Veselý, D, Stejskal, J, Trchová, M, “Anticorrosion Properties of Inorganic Pigments Surface-Modified with a Polyaniline Phosphate Layer.” Prog. Org. Coat., 63 209–221 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Lenz, DM, Delamar, M, Ferreira, CA, “Application of Polypyrrole/TiO2 Composite Films as Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel.” J. Electroanal. Chem., 540 35–44 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ananda Kumar, S, Shree Meenakshi, K, Sankaranarayanan, TSN, Srikanth, S, “Corrosion Resistant Behaviour of PANI–Metal Bilayer Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 62 285–292 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Weng, C-J, Huang, J-Y, Huang, K-Y, Jhuo, Y-S, Tsai, M-H, Yeh, J-M, “Advanced Anticorrosive Coatings Prepared from Electroactive Polyimide–TiO2 Hybrid Nanocomposite Materials.” Electrochim. Acta, 55 8430–8438 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Radhakrishnan, S, Siju, CR, Mahanta, D, Patil, S, Madras, G, “Conducting Polyaniline–Nano-TiO2 Composites for Smart Corrosion Resistant Coatings.” Electrochim. Acta, 54 1249–1254 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Niu, H, Qin, S, Mao, X, Zhang, S, Wang, R, Wan, L, Xu, J, Miao, S, “Axle-Sleeve Structured MWCNTs/Polyaniline Composite Film as Cost-Effective Counter-Electrodes for High Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.” Electrochim. Acta, 121 285–293 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Li, Z, Ma, L, Gan, M, Qiu, W, Dandan, F, Li, S, Bai, Y, “Synthesis and Anticorrosion Performance of Poly(2,3-dimethylaniline)–TiO2 Composite.” Prog. Org. Coat., 76 1161–1167 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ibrahim, M, Bassil, M, Demirci, UB, Khoury, T, El Haj Moussa, G, El Tahchi, M, Miele, P, “Polyaniline–Titania Solid Electrolyte for New Generation Photovoltaic Single-Layer Devices.” Mater. Chem. Phys., 133 1040–1049 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sathiyanarayanan, S, Syed Azim, S, Venkatachari, G, “Preparation of Polyaniline–TiO2 Composite and Its Comparative Corrosion Protection Performance with Polyaniline.” Synth. Met., 157 205–213 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Yağan, A, Pekmez, NÖ, Yıldız, A, “Poly(N-ethylaniline) Coatings on 304 Stainless Steel for Corrosion Protection in Aqueous HCl and NaCl Solutions.” Electrochim. Acta, 53 2474–2482 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Xiao, Y, Lin, J-Y, Wang, W-Y, Tai, S-Y, Yue, G, Jihuai, W, “Enhanced Performance of Low-Cost Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Pulse-Electropolymerized Polyaniline Counter Electrodes.” Electrochim. Acta, 90 468–474 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Xiao, Y, Lin, J-Y, Jihuai, W, Tai, S-Y, Yue, G, Lin, T-W, “Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with High-Performance Polyaniline/Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube Counter Electrodes Electropolymerized by a Pulse Potentiostatic Technique.” J. Power Sources, 233 320–325 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Cram, SL, Spinks, GM, Wallace, GG, Brown, HR, “Mechanism of Electropolymerisation of Methyl Methacrylate and Glycidyl Acrylate on Stainless Steel.” Electrochim. Acta, 47 1935–1948 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. DeBerry, DW, “Modification of Electrochemical and Corrosion Behaviour of Stainless Steels with an Electroactive Coating.” J. Electrochem. Soc., 132 1022–1026 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Beck, F, Michaelis, R, Schloten, F, Zinger, B, “Film Forming Electropolymerization of Pyrrole on Iron in Aqueous Oxalic Acid.” Electrochim. Acta, 39 229–234 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wei, Y, Wang, J, Jia, X, Yeh, JM, Spellane, P, “Polyaniline as Corrosion Protection Coatings on Cold Rolled Steel.” Polymer, 36 4535–4537 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Li, Y, Zhang, H, Wang, X, Li, J, Wang, F, “Growth Kinetics of Oxide Films at the Polyaniline/Mild Steel Interface.” Corros. Sci., 53 4044–4049 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wessling, B, “Passivation of Metals by Coating with Polyaniline: Corrosion Potential Shift and Morphological Changes.” Adv. Mater., 6 226–228 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kinlen, PJ, Ding, Y, Silverman, DC, “Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel Using Sulfonic and Phosphonic Acid-Doped Polyanilines.” Corrosion, 58 490–497 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mahmoudian, MR, Alias, Y, Basirun, WJ, Ebadi, M, “Effects of Different Polypyrrole/TiO2 Nanocomposite Morphologies in Polyvinyl Butyral Coatings for Preventing the Corrosion of Mild Steel.” Appl. Surf. Sci., 268 302–311 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhou, C, Xin, L, Xin, Z, Liu, J, Zhang, Y, “Polybenzoxazine/SiO2 Nanocomposite Coatings for Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel.” Corros. Sci., 80 269–275 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Mrad, M, Dhouibi, L, Triki, E, “Dependence of the Corrosion Performance of Polyaniline Films Applied on Stainless Steel on the Nature of Electropolymerisation Solution.” Synth. Met., 159 1903–1909 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kamaraj, K, Karpakam, V, Syed Azim, S, Sathiyanarayanan, S, “Electropolymerised Polyaniline Films as Effective Replacement of Carcinogenic Chromate Treatments for Corrosion Protection of Aluminium Alloys.” Synth. Met., 162 536–542 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang, S, Shan, L, Li, X, Zhang, X, He, S, He, T, “Study of H2SO4 Concentration on Properties of H2SO4 Doped Polyaniline Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.” J. Power Sources, 242 438–446 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kobayashi, T, Yoneyama, H, Tamura, H, “Oxidative Degradation Pathway of Polyaniline Film Electrodes.” J. Electroanal. Chem., 177 293–297 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Genies, EM, Tsintavis, C, “Redox Mechanism and Electrochemical Behaviour or Polyaniline Deposits.” J. Electroanal. Chem., 195 109–128 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Genies, EM, Lapkowski, M, Pennean, JF, “Cyclic Voltammetry of Polyaniline: Interpretation of the Middle Peak.” J. Electroanal. Chem., 249 97–107 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Abaci, S, Nessark, B, Boukherroub, R, Lmimouni, K, “Electrosynthesis and Analysis of the Electrochemical Properties of a Composite Material: Polyaniline + Titanium Oxide.” Thin Solid Films, 519 3596–3602 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Frydrychewicz, A, Vassiliev, SY, Tsirlina, GA, Jackowska, K, “Reticulated Vitreous Carbon–Polyaniline–Palladium Composite Electrodes.” Electrochim. Acta, 50 1885–1893 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Lin, J-Y, Wang, W-Y, Lin, Y-T, “Characterization of Polyaniline Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 231 171–175 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Qin, Q, Tao, J, Yang, Y, “Preparation and Characterization of Polyaniline Film on Stainless Steel by Electrochemical Polymerization as a Counter Electrode of DSSC.” Synth. Met., 160 1167–1172 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Bard, AJ, Faulkner, LR, Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications, 1st ed. Wiley, New York, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  36. Xing, C, Zhang, Z, Liangmin, Y, Waterhouse, GIN, Zhang, L, “Anti-corrosion Performance of Nanostructured Poly(aniline-co-metanilic acid) on Carbon Steel.” Prog. Org. Coat., 77 354–360 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Sathiyanarayanan, S, Syed Azim, S, Venkatachari, G, “Preparation of Polyaniline–Fe2O3 Composite and Its Anticorrosion Performance.” Synth. Met., 157 751–757 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Zheng, J, Li, G, Ma, X, Wang, Y, Gang, W, Cheng, Y, “Polyaniline–TiO2 Nano-composite-Based Trimethylamine QCM Sensor and Its Thermal Behavior Studies.” Sens. Actuators B, 133 374–380 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Yağan, A, Özçiçek, N, Pekmez, I, Yıldız, A, “Inhibition of Corrosion of Mild Steel by Homopolymer and Bilayer Coatings of Polyaniline and Polypyrrole.” Prog. Org. Coat., 59 297–303 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Srikanth, AP, Sunitha, TG, Nanjundan, S, Rajendran, N, “Inhibition of Corrosion of Mild Steel by Homopolymer and Bilayer Coatings of Polyaniline and Polypyrrole.” Prog. Org. Coat., 56 120–125 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Li, P, Tan, TC, Lee, JY, “Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel by Electroactive Polyaniline Coatings.” Synth. Met., 88 237–242 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Mostafaei, A, Nasirpouri, F, “Epoxy/Polyaniline–ZnO Nanorods Hybrid Nanocomposite Coatings: Synthesis, Characterization and Corrosion Protection Performance of Conducting Paints.” Prog. Org. Coat., 77 146–159 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Pavithra, MK, Venkatesha, TV, Vathsala, K, Nayana, KO, “Synergistic Effect of Halide Ions on Improving Corrosion Inhibition Behaviour of Benzisothiozole-3-Piperizine Hydrochloride on Mild Steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 Medium.” Corros. Sci., 52 3811–3819 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Behpour, M, Ghoreishi, SM, Soltani, N, Salavati-Niasari, M, “The Inhibitive Effect of Some Bis-N,S-bidentate Schiff Bases on Corrosion Behaviour of 304 Stainless Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution.” Corros. Sci., 51 1073–1082 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Diaz, AF, Logan, JA, “Electroactive Polyaniline Films.” J. Electroanal. Chem., 111 111–114 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Yue, J, Epstein, AJ, MacDiarmid, AG, “Sulfonic Acid Ring-Substituted Polyaniline, A Self-doped Conducting Polymer.” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 189 255–261 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Sivakumar, R, Saraswathi, R, “Characterization of Poly(N-methylaniline) as a Cathode Active Material in Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries.” J. Power Sources, 104 226–233 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Fernández-Sánchez, C, McNeil, CJ, Rawson, K, “Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Studies of Polymer Degradation: Application to Biosensor Development.” Trends Anal. Chem., 24 37–48 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Ghanbari, K, Mousavi, MF, Shamsipur, M, Karami, H, “Synthesis of Polyaniline/Graphite Composite as a Cathode of Zn-Polyaniline Rechargeable Battery.” J. Power Sources, 170 513–519 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Wang, Z, Dupré, N, Gaillot, A-C, Lestriez, B, Martin, J-F, Daniel, L, Patoux, S, Guyomard, D, “CMC as a Binder in LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 5 V cathodes and Their Electrochemical Performance for Li-Ion Batteries.” Electrochim. Acta, 62 77–83 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Tominaga, K, Takashima, W, Kaneto, K, “Electrochemical Activity of Polyaniline Based on Mixed Dopants and Cation Movement Toward High pH Region.” Thin Solid Films, 519 978–981 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Sathiyanarayanan, S, Karpakam, V, Kamaraj, K, Muthukrishnan, S, Venkat-achari, G, “Sulphonate Doped Polyaniline Containing Coatings for Corrosion Protection of Iron.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 204 1426–1431 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Talo, A, Passiniemi, P, Forsén, O, Ylässari, S, “Polyaniline/Epoxy Coatings with Good Anti-corrosion Properties.” Synth. Met., 85 1333–1334 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Sathiyanarayanan, S, Syed Azim, S, Venkatachari, G, “A New Corrosion Protection Coating with Polyaniline–TiO2 Composite for Steel.” Electrochim. Acta, 52 2068–2074 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Jo, W-K, Kang, H-J, “(Ratios: 5, 10, 50, 100, and 200) polyaniline–TiO2 Composites Under Visible- or UV-Light Irradiation for Decomposition of Organic Vapors.” Mater. Chem. Phys., 143 247–255 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et Matériaux (LEM), Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université Ferhat Abbas, Sétif -1-, 19000 Sétif, Algeria

    Souhila Abaci & Belkacem Nessark

Authors
  1. Souhila Abaci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Belkacem Nessark
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Souhila Abaci.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abaci, S., Nessark, B. Characterization and corrosion protection properties of composite material (PANI+TiO2) coatings on A304 stainless steel. J Coat Technol Res 12, 107–120 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-014-9611-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-014-9611-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation