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Derivation of an instrumentally based geometric appearance index for the automotive industry

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Abstract

In the present study, attempts were made to develop an index of geometric appearance capable of accurately predicting and quantifying the visually perceived geometric aspects of appearance of achromatic automotive finishes. To this end, three previously prepared individual scales for the three most significant geometric appearance attributes, namely specular gloss, distinctness of image (DOI), and orange peel for each of a series of metallic black, metallic gray, metallic silver, and solid white automotive finishes were utilized. The differences in each attribute were quantified visually by a panel of 16 observers, in terms of a lightness difference of an also previously prepared lightness scale. The innovative use of a common lightness scale showed that there is a surprisingly good correlation between the instrumentally measured specular gloss, DOI, and the LW parameter of the Wave scan instrument and the corresponding visually evaluated equivalents at the four investigated achromatic levels through minimizing observer errors and enhancing accuracy of the perceptibility procedure. These high accuracies made provisions for the implementation of the principle of additivity which led to the derivation of a geometric appearance index (GAI). However, before its derivation, one instrumentally measured parameter was remodeled exponentially to define an innovative parameter chosen to be named “percent absence of orange peel.” The proposed GAI illustrates high correlation with visual assessments and is herewith recommended as a stand-alone index for predicting the geometric appearance of automotive finishes. Furthermore, this index together with a chromatic appearance index could form the foundation for deriving a total appearance index for the automotive industry.

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Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank the Iran Khodro car manufacturing company as well as the Center of Excellence for Color Science and Technology for their support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran

    F. Mirjalili & S. Moradian

  2. Department of Color Physics, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, Iran

    F. Ameri

Authors
  1. F. Mirjalili
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  2. S. Moradian
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  3. F. Ameri
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Correspondence to F. Ameri.

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Mirjalili, F., Moradian, S. & Ameri, F. Derivation of an instrumentally based geometric appearance index for the automotive industry. J Coat Technol Res 11, 853–864 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-014-9608-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-014-9608-5

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