Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Waterborne polysiloxane–urethane–urea for potential marine coatings

  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Waterborne polysiloxane–urethane–ureas (WBPSUU) were prepared through a prepolymer process using siloxane polyol, namely polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyether polyol, namely poly(tetramethyleneoxide glycol) (PTMG) as the soft segments. The goal of this study was to explore the potential use of polysiloxane–urethane–urea in marine coatings in order to boost the flexibility, adhesion, erosion, and foul-release property with respect to PDMS/PTMG ratio (PDMS wt%). The structural elucidation of the synthesized waterborne polyurethane and WBPSUU was carried out by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 29Si NMR spectroscopic techniques. The XPS and AFM analyses indicate that the polymer surface can be silicone enriched with the optimum PDMS content (15.76 wt%). The antifouling property of the coatings was investigated by the immersion test under a marine environment for 90 days. The fouled area was calculated for all the samples and the fouled area (%) decreased with increasing PDMS content. After 90 days the lowest fouled area (5%) was observed in the sample using WBPSUU4 (PDMS 15.76 wt%) among all of the samples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Brady, RF, “Clean Hulls Without Poisons: Devising and Testing Nontoxic Marine Coatings.” J. Coat. Technol., 72 45–56 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Champ, MA, “A Review of Organotin Regulatory Strategies, Pending Actions, Related Costs and Benefits.” Sci. Total Environ., 258 21–71 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Champ, MA, “The Need for the Formation of an Independent, International Marine Coatings Board.” Mar. Poll. Bull., 38 239–246 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Yebra, DM, Kiil, S, Kim, DH, “Antifouling Technology—Past, Present and Future Steps Towards Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Antifouling Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 50 75–104 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Evans, SM, Birchenough, AC, Brancato, MS, “The TBT Ban: Out of the Frying Pan into the Fire?” Mar. Poll. Bull., 40 204–211 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Brady, RF, Jr, “Properties Which Influence Marine Fouling Resistance in Polymers Containing Silicon and Fluorine.” Prog. Org. Coat., 35 31–35 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Genzer, J, Efimenko, K, “Recent Developments in Superhydrophobic Surfaces and their Relevance to Marine Fouling: A Review.” Biofouling, 22 339–360 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Callow, ME, Callow, JA, “Marine Biofouling: A Sticky Problem.” Biologist, 49 1–5 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Holmstroem, C, Egan, S, Franks, A, McCloy, S, Kjelleberg, S, “Antifouling Activities Expressed by Marine Surface Associated Pseudoalteromonas Species.” FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 41 47–58 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Brady, RF, Singer, IL, “Mechanical Factors Favoring Release From Fouling Release Coatings.” Biofouling, 15 73–81 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chaudhury, MK, Finlay, JA, Chung, JY, Callow, ME, Callow, JA, “The Influence of Elastic Modulus and Thickness on the Release of the Soft-Fouling Green Alga Ulva Linza (syn. Enteromorpha linza) from Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) Model Networks.” Biofouling, 21 41–48 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Rahman, MM, Kim, HD, “Synthesis and Characterization of Waterborne Polyurethane Adhesives Containing Different Amount of Ionic Groups (I).” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 102 5684–5691 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Slinckx, M, Henry, N, Krebs, A, Uytterhoeven, G, “High-Solids Automotive Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 38 163–173 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Rath, SK, Chavan, JG, Sasane, S, Jagannath, Patri, M, Samui, AB, Chakraborty, BC, “Two Component Silicone Modified Epoxy Foul Release Coatings: Effect of Modulus, Surface Energy and Surface Restructuring on Pseudobarnacle and Macrofouling Behavior.” J. Appl. Surf. Sci., 256 2440–2446 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ekin, A, Webster, DC, “Library Synthesis and Characterization of 3-Aminopropyl-Terminated Poly(Dimethylsiloxane)s and Poly(e-caprolactone)-b-Poly(Dimethylsiloxane)s.” J. Polym. Sci. A, 44 4880–4894 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ekin, A, Christianson, DA, Webster, DC, “Combinatorial Synthesis of Organo-Functional Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) Oligomers and Triblock Copolymers and Their Use in PDMS-Polyurethane Coatings.” Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., 93 896–897 (2005)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Yun, JK, Yoo, HJ, Kim, HD, “Preparation and Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane-urea/sodium Alginate Blends for High Water Vapor Permeable Coating Materials.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 105 1168–1176 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bai, C, Zhang, X, Dai, J, Wang, J, “Synthesis of UV Crosslinkable Waterborne Siloxane–Polyurethane Dispersion PDMS-PEDA-PU and the Properties of the Films.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 5 251–257 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Chattopadhyay, DK, Raju, KVSN, “Structural Engineering of Polyurethane Coatings for High Performance Applications.” Prog. Polym. Sci., 32 352–418 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Dieterich, D, “Aqueous Emulsions, Dispersions and Solutions of Polyurethanes; Synthesis and Properties.” Prog. Org. Coat., 9 281–340 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Pérez-Limiñana, MA, Arán-Aís, F, Torró-Palau, AM, Orgilés-Barceló, AC, Martín-Martínez, JM, “Characterization of Waterborne Polyurethane Adhesives Containing Different Amounts of Ionic Groups.” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 25 507–517 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Rahman, MM, Kim, HD, “Characterization of Waterborne Polyurethane Adhesives Containing Different Soft Segments.” J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 21 81–96 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Jena, KK, Chattopadhyay, DK, Raju, KVSN, “Synthesis and Characterization of Hyperbranched Polyurethane–Urea Coatings.” Eur. Polym. J., 43 1825–1837 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Gireesh, KB, Jena, KK, Allauddin, S, Radhika, KR, Narayan, R, Raju, KVSN, “Structure and Thermo-Mechanical Properties Study of Polyurethane-Urea/Glycidoxypropyl Trimethoxysilane Hybrid Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 68 165–172 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Yeh, JM, Yao, CT, Hsieh, CF, Yang, HC, Wu, CP, “Preparation and Properties of Amino-Terminated Anionic Waterborne-Polyurethane–Silica Hybrid Materials Through a Sol–Gel Process in the Absence of an External Catalyst.” Eur. Polym. J., 44 2777–2783 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ahmad, S, Gupta, AP, Sharmin, E, Alam, M, Pandey, SK, “Synthesis, Characterization and Development of High Performance Siloxane-Modified Epoxy Paints.” Prog. Org. Coat., 54 248–255 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang, TL, Yan, CH, Shie, YT, Yeh, AC, “Synthesis and Properties of Conducting Organic/Inorganic Polyurethane Hybrids.” Eur. Polym. J., 45 387–397 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Marzouk, S, Rachdi, F, Fourati, M, Bouaziz, J, “Synthesis and Grafting of Silica Aerogels.” J. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 234 109–116 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Chevalier, Y, Grillet, AC, Rahmi, MI, Liere, C, Masure, M, Hemery, P, “The Structure of Porous Silica–Polysiloxane Hybrid Materials.” Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 21 143–150 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Xie, XQ, Ranade, SV, DiBenedetto, AT, “A Solid State NMR Study of Polycarbonate Oligomer Grafted onto the Surface of Amorphous Silica.” Polymer, 40 6297–6306 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Casanovas, J, Illas, F, Pacchioni, G, “Ab Initio Calculations of 29Si Solid State NMR Chemical Shifts of Silane and Silanol Groups in Silica.” Chem. Phys. Lett., 326 523–529 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wang, TL, Ou, CC, Yang, CH, “Synthesis and Properties of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles Prepared Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 109 3421–3430 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Wang, LF, Ji, Q, Glass, TE, Ward, TC, McGrath, JE, Muggli, M, Burns, G, Sorathia, U, “Synthesis and Characterization of Organosiloxane Modified Segmented Polyether Polyurethanes.” Polymer, 41 5083–5093 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Patel, A, Patel, C, Patel, MG, Patel, M, Dighe, A, “Fatty Acid Modified Polyurethane Dispersion for Surface Coatings: Effect of Fatty Acid Content and Ionic Content.” Prog. Org. Coat., 67 255–263 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Sanchez-Adsuar, MS, Pastor-Blas, MM, Martín-Martínez, JM, “Properties of Polyurethane Elastomers with Different Hard/Soft Segment Ratio.” Adhesion, 67 327–345 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Jang, JY, Jhon, YK, Cheong, IW, Kim, JH, “Effect of Process Variables on Molecular Weight and Mechanical Properties of Water-Based Polyurethane Dispersion.” Colloids Surf. A, 196 135–143 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Lee, YH, Kim, EJ, Kim, HD, “Synthesis and Properties of Waterborne Poly(Urethane-Ureas) Containing Poly(Dimethylsiloxane).” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., (2010) (accepted)

  38. Arun, A, Baack, KKJ, Gaymans, RJ, “Polyurethane Triblock Copolymers–Synthesis, Mechanical, Elastic, and Rheological Properties.” Polym. Eng. Sci., 50 747–755 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Pike, JK, Ho, T, Wynne, J, “Water Induced Surface Rearrangements of Poly(Dimethylsiloxane-Urea-Urethane) Segmented Block Copolymers.” Chem. Mater., 8 850–860 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Majumdar, P, Webster, DC, “Preparation of Siloxane–Urethane Coatings Having Spontaneously Formed Stable Biphasic Microtopograpical Surfaces.” Macromolecules, 38 5857–5859 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Rath, SK, Chavan, JG, Sasane, S, Srivastava, A, Patri, M, Samui, AB, Chakraborty, BC, Sawant, SN, “Coatings of PDMS-Modified Epoxy via Urethane Linkage: Segmental Correlation Length, Phase Morphology, Thermomechanical and Surface Behavior.” Prog. Org. Coat., 65 366–374 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Rahman, MM, Hasneen, A, Kim, HD, Lee, WK, “Preparation and Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/Polytetramethyleneadipate Glycol (PTAd)-Based Waterborne Polyurethane Adhesives: Effect of PDMS Molecular Weight and Content.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci. (2010) (submitted)

Download references

Acknowledgment

This study was supported by Advanced Ship Engineering Research Center (ASERC).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Ship Engineering Research Center (ASERC), Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea

    Mohammad Mizanur Rahman, Ho-Hwan Chun & Hyun Park

Authors
  1. Mohammad Mizanur Rahman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ho-Hwan Chun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hyun Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hyun Park.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rahman, M.M., Chun, HH. & Park, H. Waterborne polysiloxane–urethane–urea for potential marine coatings. J Coat Technol Res 8, 389–399 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-010-9307-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-010-9307-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation