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Is pesticide sorption by constructed wetland sediments governed by water level and water dynamics?

  • Environmental and human health issues related to pesticides: from usage and environmental fate to impact
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Abstract

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are used to reduce the pesticide inputs from tile drainage or run-off to surface water. Their effectiveness appears variable and remains to be better characterized and understood. The aim of this study was to assess the influences of two hydraulic parameters (i.e., dynamics and water level) on the sorption process occurring in CWs. Then, two solid/liquid ratios were studied (1/1 and 1/5) to mimic the water level variation in the field, and two agitation speeds were used (none and gentle agitation) to simulate different water dynamics (stagnation and flow pass, respectively). Sorption kinetics and isotherms were obtained for four pesticides with contrasting properties. The pesticide adsorption coefficients were classified as follows: boscalid (BSC) > cyproconazole (CYP) > isoproturon (IPU) ∼ dimethachlor (DMT) at any ratio or agitation, in agreement with their water solubilities and K ow values. The effect of the solid/liquid ratio was evidenced for all conditions. Indeed, the adsorption equilibrium time was reached more quickly for the 1/1 ratio (24–72 h) than for the 1/5 ratio (96–120 h). In addition, the adsorption coefficients (K f ads) were larger for the 1/1 ratio (1.8–11.2 L kg−1) than for the 1/5 ratio (1.0–5.9 L kg−1). The agitation effect was more evidenced for the 1/5 ratio and for the more hydrophobic molecules, such as BSC and CYP, for which adsorption equilibrium time was never reached with agitation (>120 h), while it was reached at 96 h without agitation. Moreover, the K f ads values were larger with agitation than without agitation for BSC and CYP, whereas they were similar for the two agitations for IPU and DMT. Our results demonstrated that the hydrodynamic function of CWs could influence pesticide sorption with variable effects according to the molecular properties and consequently influence the mitigation effect of CWs throughout the year.

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Acknowledgements

This research received financial support from the Agence de l’Eau Rhin Meuse, the BRGM, the University of Lorraine, the Fonds européens de développement regional (FEDER) and the Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle. The authors thank the Agence de l’Eau Rhin Meuse and the BRGM for the fellowship. The authors also thank A. Razafitianamaharavo (LIEC, Nancy) for her helpful laboratory work and the farmers and R. Cherrier and F.X. Schott (Chambre Régional d’Agriculture du Grand Est) for field access.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine (CNRS), 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France

    Céline Gaullier, Sylvie Dousset & David Billet

  2. BRGM (French Geological Survey), 45060, Orléans CEDEX 02, France

    Céline Gaullier & Nicole Baran

  3. LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France

    Céline Gaullier, Sylvie Dousset & David Billet

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  1. Céline Gaullier
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  2. Sylvie Dousset
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Correspondence to Céline Gaullier.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Gaullier, C., Dousset, S., Billet, D. et al. Is pesticide sorption by constructed wetland sediments governed by water level and water dynamics?. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 14324–14335 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9123-1

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