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Amendments and their combined application for enhanced copper, cadmium, lead uptake by Lolium perenne

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Abstract

Chemical amendments can enhance heavy metal phytoextraction by increasing metal bioavailability for plant root uptake and translocation to shoots, and by improving plant growth. This study assessed the effect of various amendments on plant growth and metal uptake over a 30-day period. An aminopolycarboxylic acid (EDDS), amino acid (histidine), organic acid (citric acid), biosurfactant (rhamnolipid), and inorganic ligand (sulfate) were applied as amendments individually or in combination to hydroponically grown ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. SR4500) in the presence of a metal (Cu, Cd or Pb). EDDS (1 mM) was the most effective amendment (individually and in combinations) for enhancing Cu and Pb uptake to shoot tissue, while histidine was beneficial for increasing both Cu and Cd uptake. Individual treatments of citric acid, rhamnolipid and sulfate moderately enhanced shoot concentrations of Cu and Cd only. The combination of EDDS, rhamnolipid and citric acid resulted in the highest shoot metal levels, but also caused severe phytotoxicity. Translocation to shoot tissue was generally greater for amendments with higher affinity for the metal of interest, and metal mobility appeared to be influenced by speciation. Due to potential toxicity, amendment combinations may be more effective when applied shortly before harvesting.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand

    Buddhika Gunawardana, Naresh Singhal & Anthea Johnson

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  1. Buddhika Gunawardana
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  2. Naresh Singhal
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  3. Anthea Johnson
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Correspondence to Naresh Singhal.

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Responsible Editor: Fangjie J. Zhao.

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Table A

Effects of amendments and metal treatments on root and shoot biomass after 30 days. Values represent the average of three replicates ± standard deviation (DOC 46 kb)

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Gunawardana, B., Singhal, N. & Johnson, A. Amendments and their combined application for enhanced copper, cadmium, lead uptake by Lolium perenne . Plant Soil 329, 283–294 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0153-4

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