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Electrophysiological Response and Attraction of Emerald Ash Borer to Green Leaf Volatiles (GLVs) Emitted by Host Foliage

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Abstract

Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) function as host attractants, pheromone synergists, or sexual kairomones for a number of coleopteran folivores. Hence, we focused on host GLVs to determine if they were attractive to adults of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), which feeds on ash (Fraxinus) foliage. Eight GLVs were identified by chromatography-electroantennogram (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry in foliar headspace volatiles collected in traps containing Super-Q from white ash, Fraxinus americana, and green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, trees. GLVs in the aeration extracts elicited antennal responses from both male and female adults in gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection bioassays. Male antennae were more responsive than female antennae and showed the strongest response to (Z)-3-hexenol. Six field experiments were conducted in Canada and the USA from 2004 to 2006 to evaluate the attractiveness of candidate GLVs, in various lure combinations and dosages. Field experiments demonstrated that lures containing (Z)-3-hexenol were the most effective in increasing trap catch when placed on purple traps in open areas or along the edges of woodlots containing ash. Lures with (Z)-3-hexenol were more attractive to males than females, and dosage may be a factor determining its effectiveness.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Gene Jones and Pat Roden for rearing beetles in quarantine for the GC-EAD study, and Dorothy Ambeault, Tim Dalseg, Laura Chouinard, Jordana Fera, Tasha Gauthier, Erin Clark, Tina Kuhn, and Toby Petrice for assistance with the field studies. We appreciate the assistance of Vic Mastro and Joseph Francese, USDA-APHIS, in providing the traps for our 2005 studies. Funding and support were provided by the Canadian Forest Service, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and the USDA Forest Service Special Technology Development Program (Project No. NA-2003-02).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada, P6A 2E5

    Peter de Groot, Gary G. Grant, Roger Scharbach, Linda Buchan, Reginald W. Nott, Linda Macdonald & Doug Pitt

  2. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA

    Therese M. Poland

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  1. Peter de Groot
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  2. Gary G. Grant
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  3. Therese M. Poland
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Correspondence to Peter de Groot.

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de Groot, P., Grant, G.G., Poland, T.M. et al. Electrophysiological Response and Attraction of Emerald Ash Borer to Green Leaf Volatiles (GLVs) Emitted by Host Foliage. J Chem Ecol 34, 1170–1179 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-008-9514-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-008-9514-3

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