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Potential for interspecific hybridization between Zizina emelina and Zizina otis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

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Abstract

Environmental changes such as global warming and biological invasion caused by human activities raise the possibility of secondary contact between the endangered butterfly species Zizina emelina and its sibling species Zizina otis in Japan. To assess the possible risks from their habitats overlapping, we investigated the potential for hybridization and the development of F1 individuals. We observed successful mating of the two sibling species under artificial conditions. The presence of a postzygotic hybridization barrier was supported by the delay of larval development only in females; a delay did not occur in males. Existence of the barrier was also supported by a decreased egg hatching rate in one brood; this was likely associated with infection with Wolbachia, a bacterium manipulating the reproductive capability of its host. The size and wing markings of F1 hybrid individuals were intermediate between those of the two species. These results suggest that, if Z. emelina and Z. otis are distributed sympatrically in the future, there is a possibility of introgression and reproductive interference between the two species, which would increase the risk of decline of each species.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Norio Hirai (Osaka Prefecture University [OPU]) for providing samples and kind assistance; to Kazuhisa Temma, Nao Temma, Takahiro Yoshida, Akito Inotsuka, Yoshihiro Torii, Haruka Matsuoka, and Sanae Mizuta (OPU) for assisting with the experiments; and to Minoru Ishii (OPU), Toshiya Hirowatari (Kyushu University), Koichi Goka (National Institute for Environmental Studies), Kazunari Nicho (The Lepidopterological Society of Japan), and Neil Moffat (Tokyo) for providing useful comments or documents. We also sincerely thank the staff of New Kansai International Airport Company, Ltd., for giving us opportunities to conduct the survey around the airport. This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (No. 11J10420 to YS).

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  1. Yoshiko Sakamoto

    Present address: National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Entomology and Zoology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan

    Yoshiko Sakamoto

  2. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Masaya Yago

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  1. Yoshiko Sakamoto
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Correspondence to Yoshiko Sakamoto.

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Sakamoto, Y., Yago, M. Potential for interspecific hybridization between Zizina emelina and Zizina otis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). J Insect Conserv 21, 509–515 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-017-9991-1

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