Abstract
We review the literature of marine non-indigenous fishes (NIF) in order to summarize information on their ecological impacts and to compare successful invading freshwater fishes with those in marine habitats. An increasing number of marine NIF have been observed colonizing new areas through a suite of different pathways (the main ones being inter-oceanic canals, shipping, aquaculture, and aquarium release). Ecological impacts of marine NIF have been verified for only a few of these species. These impacts can be categorized as (i) an alteration of habitat or food webs; (ii) competition with natives; (iii) predation on natives; (iv) vectoring parasites or pathogens; or (v) genetic impacts on native species. The few marine NIF with known impacts contrasts sharply with freshwater NIF taxa, for which negative ecological impacts have been widely identified. The literature review comparing freshwater and marine NIF does not reveal different species traits to explain the higher impact of freshwater NIF. We discuss a suite of ecological factors that may explain these differences. One non-ecological factor contributing to the perceived higher impact in freshwater may be the lower level of ecological knowledge in marine systems due to overall less research efforts and technical and financial challenges imposed by marine research.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Keiji Iwasaki (Nara University, Nara, Japan) for detailed information about non-indigenous fishes in Japan and Zhaoui Zhang (Chengde, China) for compiling the literature about non-indigenous fishes in China. EA thanks Jana Schlaugat who assisted with preparation of the data bank. The manuscript was improved by comments from three anonymous reviewers for which we are grateful.
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Guest Editors: John E. Havel, Sidinei M. Thomaz, Lee B. Kats, Katya E. Kovalenko, & Luciano N. Santos / Aquatic Invasive Species II
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Arndt, E., Marchetti, M.P. & Schembri, P.J. Ecological impact of alien marine fishes: insights from freshwater systems based on a comparative review. Hydrobiologia 817, 457–474 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3511-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3511-5