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Bio-nano interactions: cellulase on iron oxide nanoparticle surfaces

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Abstract

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) may well represent the most promising magnetic nanostructures for a plethora of applications in health, life and environmental science. IONs are already used in medicine, catalysis and downstream processing of biotechnological products. Since most particles, utilized industrially, need expensive coatings, the application of bare nanoparticles seems economically worthwhile. In this study, three different ION species were synthesized by co-precipitation methods without stabilizing agents and were thoroughly characterized with a multi-analytical approach. We emphasize the importance of the particle characterization as transitions of the ION polymorphs into each other are possible as well as merging of distinct properties. The particle sizes, which here range from 10 to 30 nm, and the magnetic properties of IONs are crucial for the further application. The adsorption behavior of the enzyme cellulase (CEL) as a model protein is investigated on the different IONs in order to gain deeper insights into bio-nano interactions to different surface sites, charges, curvatures and morphologies, as given by the three applied adsorber materials. The protein-particle interactions are driven by electrostatic and hydrophobic forces in the case of CEL. The CEL adsorption follows a Langmuir behavior and does not exceed maximum loads of around 0.6 g g−1. IR spectroscopy gives insights into the orientation of bound CEL and indicates a stronger affinity for the β-sheet tertiary structure content while a higher load can be reached with a higher α-helix content.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to Prof. Dr. Tom Nilges for his support with powder XRD (TU München) and Dr. Peter Weidler for valuable discussions (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Germany). Furthermore, we would like to express our very great appreciation to Dr. Marianne Hanzlik for help with TEM measurements and Stefan Darchinger for the performance of gel electrophoresis. Moreover, we are particularly grateful for the financial support of this work by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Grant number 031A173A) and the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Media, Energy and Technology (Grant number 1340/68351/3/11).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bioseparation Engineering Group, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany

    Sebastian P. Schwaminger, Paula Fraga-García, Felix Selbach, Florian G. Hein, Eva C. Fuß, Rifki Surya, Hans-Christian Roth, Silvia A. Blank-Shim & Sonja Berensmeier

  2. Physics Department El5, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany

    Friedrich E. Wagner

  3. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

    Stefan Heissler

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  1. Sebastian P. Schwaminger
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Correspondence to Sonja Berensmeier.

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Schwaminger, S.P., Fraga-García, P., Selbach, F. et al. Bio-nano interactions: cellulase on iron oxide nanoparticle surfaces. Adsorption 23, 281–292 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-016-9849-y

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