Abstract
Taxus mairei is an endangered plant with high medicinal value in China. In the present study, inter-simple sequence repeat markers and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to investigate genetic diversity, taxol content, and the inter-relationship of these two variables in 11 populations. Genetic diversity was high at the species level [percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) = 91.73 %; Nei’s gene diversity (h) = 0.2428; Shannon’s information index (I) = 0.3771], but relatively lower at the population level (PPB = 54.14–67.67 %; h = 0.1809–0.2121; I = 0.2721–0.3211). Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed moderate genetic differentiation among populations (Ø ST = 16.13 %), in line with the low gene differentiation coefficient (G ST = 0.1697) and relatively strong gene flow (N m = 2.4480). Both UPGMA and principal coordinates analysis supported the clustering of all 11 populations into three groups. A Mantel test indicated a significant correlation between geographic and genetic distances (r = 0.405; P < 0.005). Taxol content varied significantly among populations, ranging from 0.0069 to 0.0127 % based on the HPLC analysis. The taxol content was not significantly associated with genetic diversity, but was significantly, negatively associated with population latitude (r = −0.620; P < 0.005). This implies that local temperature may significantly affect the taxol content, although the role of heredity cannot be neglected. Our findings provided important references for resource protection and sustainable management of this valuable plant.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chen YH, Bai SM, Cheng KD, Zhang S, Li JX (1999) RAPD analysis on high-taxane-contained accessions of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Acta Bot Sin 41:829–832
Deng QS, Zhu QQ, Lu CH (2008) Natural regeneration of Taxus chinensis var. mairei and its seed dispersal by frugivorous birds. Chin J Ecol 27:712–717
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Photochem Bull 19:11–15
Editorial Committee of the Flora of China (1978) Flora of China, vol 7. Science Press, Beijing
Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM (1992) Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131:479–491
Fang JY (1992) Study on the geographic elements affecting temperature distribution in China. Acta Ecol Sin 12:97–104
Gao LM, Möller M, Zhang XM, Hollingsworth ML, Liu J, Mill RR, Gibby M, Li DZ (2007) High variation and strong phylogeographic pattern among cpDNA haplotypes in Taxus wallichiana (Taxaceae) in China and North Vietnam. Mol Ecol 16:4684–4698
Hamrick JL, Godt MJW (1990) Allozyme diversity in plant species. In: Brown AHD, Clegg MT, Kahlar AL, Weir BS (eds) Plant population genetics, breeding, and genetic resources. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, pp 43–63
Hamrick JL, Godt MJW (1996) Effect of life history traits on genetic diversity in plant species. Philos Trans R Soc London B Biol Sci 351:1291–1298
Hogbin PM, Peakall R (1999) Evaluation of the contribution of genetic research to the management of the endangered plant Zieria prostrata. Conserv Biol 13:514–522
Horwitz SB, Cohen D, Rao S, Ringel I, Shen HJ, Yang CP (1993) Taxol: mechanism of action and resistance. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 15:55–61
Jiang JM, Shen YF, Sun YM (2009) AFLP analysis of genetic diversity of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Chin Wild Plant Resour 28:37–40
Ke CT, Tong C, Wang YZ, Huang JF, Ni JZ, Yang HY (2009) Taxol and 10-DAB contents of different provenance Taxus chinensis var. marei and related affecting factors. Chin J Ecol 28:231–236
Li J, Liu Y, Shi MH, Tang Q, Wu ZN, Dou GF, Meng ZY (2011a) Determination of paclitaxel content in different parts of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei by HPLC internal standard method. Mil Med Sci 35:624–626
Li NW, He SA, Shu XC, Wang Q, Xia B, Peng F (2011b) Genetic diversity and structure analyses of wild and ex-situ conservation populations of Taxus chinensis var. mairei based on ISSR marker. J Plant Resour Environ 20:25–30
Liu WY (2008) Pharmaceutical analysis. People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing
Loveless MD, Hamrick JL (1984) Ecological determinants of genetic structure of plant populations. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 15:65–95
Mantel N (1967) The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res 27:209–220
Milligan BG, Leebens MJ, Strand AE (1994) Conservation genetics: beyond the maintenance of marker diversity. Mol Ecol 3:423–435
Mohapatra KP, Sharma RN, Mohapatra T (2009) Genetic analysis and conservation of endangered medicinal tree species Taxus wallichiana in the Himalayan region. New For 37:109–121
Nybom H (2004) Comparison of different nuclear DNA markers for estimating intraspecific genetic diversity in plants. Mol Ecol 13:1143–1155
Nybom H, Bartish IV (2000) Effect of life history traits and sampling strategies on genetic diversity estimates obtained with RAPD markers in plants. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 3:93–114
Peakall R, Smouse PE (2006) GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes 6:288–295
Poudel RC, Möller M, Gao LM, Ahrends A, Baral SR, Liu J, Thomas P, Li DZ (2012) Using morphological, molecular and climatic data to delimitate yews along the Hindu Kush-Himalaya and adjacent regions. PLoS ONE 7:e46873
Ru WM, Qin YY, Zhang GP, Zhang JT (2008) Genetic diversity of rare and endangered plant Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Bull Bot Res 28:698–704
Schaal BA, Hayworth DA, Olsen KM, Rauscher JT, Smith WA (1998) Phylogeographic studies in plants: problems and prospects. Mol Ecol 7:465–474
Shen ZW, Wu LF (1997) Advances in taxol research. Prog Chem 9:1–13
Slatkin M (1987) Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations. Sci 236:787–792
Su YJ, Wang T, Li XY, Fan GK, Ke YY, Zhu JM, Liao WB (2000) Analysis on the amounts of Taxol in different location of Taxus chinensis Var. mairei. Nat Prod Res Dev 13:19–20
Su JR, Zang CF, Liu WD, Li SF, Zhang ZJ (2012) Effect of light quality on growth and taxanes contents of Taxus yunnanensis. For Res 25:419–424
Tan LP, Chen ZF (2006) Taxus resources in China. J NW For Univ 21:113–117
Williams JGK, Kubelik AR, Livak KJ, Rafalski JA, Tingey SV (1990) DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Res 18:6531
Wright S (1931) Evolution in Mendelian population. Genetics 16:91–159
Xi YZ (1986) Studies on pollen morphology of Taxaceae of China. Acta Phytotaxon Sin 24:249
Yang FJ, Pang HH, Zhang XK, Sun JY, Zu YG (2008) Quantitative changes of anti-cancer active components in Taxus chinensis var. mairei branches and leaves. Chin J Appl Ecol 4:911–914
Yang YL, Song XD, Dong JX, Liu GF, Li HY (2009) Resources and distribution of Taxus in the world. For Eng 25:5–10
Yang FJ, Pang HH, Zu YG, Zhang XK, Gao YX (2010) Relationships between the growth and Taxol content of Taxus chinensis var. mairei and environment factors. Bull Bot Res 30:742–746
Yeh FC, Yang R-C, Boyle TBJ, Ye Z-H, Mao JX (1997) POPGENE, the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Alberta, Canada
Yu YF (1999) The landmark of wild plant conservation in China. Plant 5:3
Yu SS, Sun QW, Zhang XP, Tian SN, Bo PL (2012) Content and distribution of active components in cultivated and wild Taxus chinensis var. mairei plants. Chin J Appl Ecol 23:2641–2647
Zhang XY, Du YT (2012) Paclitaxel distribution in entire plant of Taxus chinensis var. mairei by HPLC. Biomass Chem Eng 46:25–29
Zhang R, Zhou ZC, Jin GQ, Luo WJ (2009a) Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei provenances. Sci Sil Sin 45:50–56
Zhang XM, Gao LM, Michael M, Li DZ (2009b) Molecular evidence for fragmentation among populations of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, a highly endangered conifer in China. Can J For Res 39:755–764
Zhang XM, Li DZ, Gao LM (2012) Phylogeographical study on Taxus wallichiana var. mairei (Lemée & Léveillé) L.K.Fu & Nan Li. Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occident. Sin. 32:1983–1989
Zheng D-Y (2003) Study on the taxol content in different parts of Taxus growing in China. J Fujian Coll For 23:160–163
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Program of Lishui Administration of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Province, China (No. 2011JYZB03).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xi, XJ., Guo, J., Zhu, YG. et al. Genetic diversity and taxol content variation in the Chinese yew Taxus mairei . Plant Syst Evol 300, 2191–2198 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1040-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1040-x