Abstract
Purpose
Isometric exercise training (IET) reduces resting blood pressure (BP). Most previous protocols impose exercise barriers which undermine its effectiveness as a potential physical therapy for altering BP. An inexpensive, home-based programme would promote IET as a valuable tool in the fight against hypertension. The aims of this study were: (a) to investigate whether home-based wall squat training could successfully reduce resting BP and (b) to explore the physiological variables that might mediate a change in resting BP.
Methods
Twenty-eight healthy normotensive males were randomly assigned to a control and a 4 week home-based IET intervention using a crossover design with a 4 week ‘washout’ period in-between. Wall squat training was completed 3 × weekly over 4 weeks with 48 h between sessions. Each session comprised 4 × 2 min bouts of wall squat exercise performed at a participant-specific knee joint angle relative to a target HR of 95% HRpeak, with 2 min rest between bouts. Resting heart rate, BP, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and stroke volume were taken at baseline and post each condition.
Results
Resting BP (systolic −4 ± 5, diastolic −3 ± 3 and mean arterial −3 ± 3 mmHg), cardiac output (−0.54 ± 0.66 L min−1) and heart rate (−5 ± 7 beats min−1) were all reduced following IET, with no change in total peripheral resistance or stroke volume compared to the control.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that the wall squat provides an effective method for reducing resting BP in the home resulting primarily from a reduction in resting heart rate.
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Abbreviations
- ANCOVA:
-
Analysis of covariance
- BP:
-
Blood pressure
- DBP:
-
Diastolic blood pressure
- EMG:
-
Electromyography
- HR:
-
Heart rate
- HRpeak :
-
Peak heart rate
- IET:
-
Isometric exercise training
- MAP:
-
Mean arterial blood pressure
- MCID:
-
Minimal clinically important difference
- MVC:
-
Maximal voluntary contraction
- \({\dot{Q}}\) :
-
Cardiac output
- SBP:
-
Systolic blood pressure
- SV:
-
Stroke volume
- THRR:
-
Target heart rate range
- TPR:
-
Total peripheral resistance
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Communicated by Keith Phillip George.
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Wiles, J.D., Goldring, N. & Coleman, D. Home-based isometric exercise training induced reductions resting blood pressure. Eur J Appl Physiol 117, 83–93 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3501-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3501-0