Abstract
Drying dissipative structures of aqueous solution of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of molecular weights ranging from 200 to 3,500,000 were studied on a cover glass, a watch glass, and a glass dish on macroscopic and microscopic scales. Any convectional and sedimentation patterns did not appear during the course of drying the PEG solutions. Several important findings on the drying patterns are reported. Firstly, the crystalline structures of the dried film changed from hedrites to spherulites as the molecular weight and/or concentration of PEG increased. Secondly, lamellae were formed along the ring patterns especially at high concentrations and high molecular weights. The coupled crystalline patterns of the spherulites and the lamellae were observed in a watch glass along the ring structures, supporting the important role of the convection by the gravity during the course of dryness. The coupled patterns were difficult to be formed on a cover glass and a glass dish, except at the outside edge of the dried film. Thirdly, the size of the broad ring at the outside edge of the dried film especially on a cover glass and a watch glass increased sharply as the molecular weight increased and also as the polymer concentration increased.
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Acknowledgments
Professor Emeritus Keisuke Kaji of Kyoto University is highly acknowledged for his valuable comments on this work. Financial supports from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science are greatly acknowledged for Grants-in-Aid for Exploratory Research (17655046 to T.O.) and Scientific Research (B; 18350057 to T.O. and 19350110 to A.T.).
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Fig. 2a
Thickness profiles of the dried film of PEG solution on a cover glass as a function of the distance from the center at 24 °C. 0.1 monoM, a PEG20K, b PEG500K, c PEG2000K, d PEG3500K (DOC 96.0 kb)
Fig. 4a
Two typical microscopic drying patterns of PEG solution on a cover glass at 24 °C. Line A PEG0.2K, B PEG1K, C PEG2K, D PEG4K, E PEG8K, 5 h 25 m after setting, 0.1 monoM, polymer concentrations are 0.003 monoM (a), 0.01 monoM (b), 0.03 monoM (c), and 0.1 monoM (d), respectively, 0.1 ml; full scale is 100 μm (DOC 206 kb)
Fig. 4b
Two typical microscopic drying patterns of PEG solution on a cover glass at 24 °C. Line F PEG20K, G PEG500K, H PEG2000K, I PEG3500K, 5 h 25 m after setting, polymer concentrations are 0.003 monoM (a), 0.01 monoM (b), 0.03 monoM (c), and 0.1 monoM (d), respectively, 0.1 ml; full scale is 100 μm (DOC 195 kb)
Fig. 7a
Microscopic drying patterns of PEG solution in a watch glass at 24 °C. a–d PEG0.2K, from left edge to right, e–h PEG1K, i–l PEG2K, 45 h 25 m after setting, 0.01 monoM, 4 ml; full scale is 100 μm (DOC 232 kb)
Fig. 7b
Microscopic drying patterns of PEG solution in a watch glass at 24 °C. a–d PEG4K, from center to right, e–h PEG8K, from left edge to center, i–l PEG20K, from center to right, 45 h 25 m after setting, 0.01 monoM, 4 ml; full scale is 100 μm (DOC 244 kb)
Fig. 9a
Microscopic drying patterns of PEG solution in a glass dish at 24 °C. a–d PEG4K, from center to right edge, e–h PEG8K, i–l PEG20K, 93 h 30 m after setting, 0.01 monoM, 5 ml; full scale is 100 μm (DOC 185 kb)
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Okubo, T., Okamoto, J., Takahashi, S. et al. Drying dissipative structures of aqueous solution of poly(ethylene glycol) on a cover glass, a watch glass, and a glass dish. Colloid Polym Sci 287, 933–942 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-009-2049-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-009-2049-5