Abstract
We describe a long-wavelength external ccavity quantum cascade laser, emitting from 12.3 to \(13.2\ \upmu \text {m}\) integrated into a compact design to promote portability. For this purpose, a new type of anti-reflection coating was designed as well as a new way of measuring its performance. Finally, a portion of the absorption spectrum of ammonia vapor was recorded by tuning the laser, which demonstrates the spectroscopic capacity of this EC-QCL.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Faist, F. Capasso, D. Sivco, C. Sirtori, A.L. Hutchinson, A.Y. Cho, Quantum cascade lasers. Science 264(5158), 553–556 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5158.553
O. Cathabard, R. Teissier, J. Devenson, J.C. Moreno, A.N. Baranov, Quantum cascade lasers emitting near 2.6 \(\upmu\)m. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(14), 141110 (2010)
M.P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, S. Dressler, W.T. Masselink, Short-wavelength (\(\lambda \approx 3.05 \upmu \text{ m }\)) inp-based strain-compensated quantum-cascade laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(5), 051111 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2437108
K. Ohtani, M. Beck, J. Faist, Double metal waveguide InGaAs/InAlAs quantum cascade lasers emitting at \(24 \upmu \text{ m }\). Appl. Phys. Lett. 105(12), 121115 (2014)
G. Scalari, C. Walther, M. Fischer, M. I. Amanti, R. Terazzi, N. Hoyler, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, J. Faist, Recent progress on long wavelength quantum cascade lasers between 1-2 THz. in LEOS 2007—IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings, pp. 755–756 (2007)
A.W.M. Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B.S. Williams, Q. Hu, J.L. Reno, Real-time terahertz imaging over a standoff distance (>25meters). Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(14), 141125 (2006)
D. Mammez, C. Stoeffler, J. Cousin, R. Vallon, M. Mammez, L. Joly, B. Parvitte, V. Zéninari, Photoacoustic gas sensing with a commercial external cavity-quantum cascade laser at \(10.5\ \upmu \text{ m }\). Infrared Phys. Technol. 61(Supplement C), 14–19 (2013)
A. Kachanov, S. Koulikov, F.K. Tittel, Cavity-enhanced optical feedback-assisted photo-acoustic spectroscopy with a \(10.4 \upmu \text{ m }\) external cavity quantum cascade laser. Appl. Phys. B 110(1), 47–56 (2013)
A. Hugi, R. Terazzi, Y. Bonetti, A. Wittmann, M. Fischer, M. Beck, J. Faist, E. Gini, External cavity quantum cascade laser tunable from 7.6 to \(11.4 \upmu \text{ m }\). Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(6), 061103 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3193539
X. Huang, W.O. Charles, C. Gmachl, Temperature-insensitive long-wavelength (\(\lambda \approx 14 \upmu \text{ m }\)) quantum cascade lasers with low threshold. Opt. Express 19, 8297–8302 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.008297
S. Mathonnière, M. Semtsiv, W.T. Masselink, Thermal annealing of lattice-matched InGaAs/InAlAs quantum-cascade lasers. J. Cryst. Growth 477, 258–261 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2017.01.029
J. Kischkat, S. Peters, M.P. Semtsiv, T. Wegner, M. Elagin, G. Monastyrskyi, Y. Flores, S. Kurlov, W.T. Masselink, Ultra-narrow angle-tunable fabry perot bandpass interference filter for use as tuning element in infrared lasers. Infrared Phys. Technol. 67, 432–435 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2014.08.020
J. Nguyen, J.S. Yu, A. Evans, S. Slivken, M. Razeghi, Optical coatings by ion-beam sputtering deposition for long-wave infrared quantum cascade lasers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(11), 111113 (2006)
J.-F. Kischkat, External cavity quantum cascade lasers. Ph.D. thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (2015)
A. Hugi, Single-mode and comb operation of broadband quantum cascade lasers. Ph.D. thesis, ETH Zürich (2013)
Y. Matsuoka, S. Mathonnèire, S. Peters, W.T. Masselink, Broadband multilayer anti-reflection coating for mid-infrared range from \(7 \upmu \text{ m }\) to \(12 \upmu \text{ m }\). Appl. Opt. 57(7), 1645–1649 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.001645
I. Gordon, L. Rothman, C. Hill, R. Kochanov, Y. Tan, P. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, A. Campargue, K. Chance, B. Drouin, J.-M. Flaud, R. Gamache, J. Hodges, D. Jacquemart, V. Perevalov, A. Perrin, K. Shine, M.-A. Smith, J. Tennyson, G. Toon, H. Tran, V. Tyuterev, A. Barbe, A. Császár, V. Devi, T. Furtenbacher, J. Harrison, J.-M. Hartmann, A. Jolly, T. Johnson, T. Karman, I. Kleiner, A. Kyuberis, J. Loos, O. Lyulin, S. Massie, S. Mikhailenko, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, H. Müller, O. Naumenko, A. Nikitin, O. Polyansky, M. Rey, M. Rotger, S. Sharpe, K. Sung, E. Starikova, S. Tashkun, J. V. Auwera, G. Wagner, J. Wilzewski, P. Wcisło, S. Yu, E. Zak, The hitran2016 molecular spectroscopic database. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 203, 3–69 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2017.06.038. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022407317301073 (hITRAN2016 Special Issue)
B.G. Lee, M.A. Belkin, R. Audet, J. MacArthur, L. Diehl, C. Pflügl, F. Capasso, D.C. Oakley, D. Chapman, A. Napoleone, D. Bour, S. Corzine, G. Höfler, J. Faist, Widely tunable single-mode quantum cascade laser source for mid-infrared spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(23), 231101 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2816909
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Dr. Sascha Kalusniak for the FTIR measurement. This work was supported by the Mid-TECH project which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement No. 642661.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is part of the topical collection “Mid-infrared and THz Laser Sources and Applications” guest edited by Wei Ren, Paolo De Natale and Gerard Wysocki.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mathonnière, S., Tomko, J., Matsuoka, Y. et al. External cavity quantum cascade laser emitting from 12.3 to 13.2 \(\upmu\)m. Appl. Phys. B 124, 149 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-018-7017-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-018-7017-7