Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Reconstructing subsistence practices: taphonomic constraints and the interpretation of wild plant remains at aceramic Neolithic Chogha Golan, Iran

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper we discuss the plant-based subsistence economy during the formation of archaeological horizons (AH) II and I at the aceramic Neolithic site of Chogha Golan, Iran. The deposits date to between 9,800 and 9,600 cal bp. In order to reconstruct subsistence practices and their development reliably, we conducted a taphonomic analysis to identify factors that influenced the composition of the archaeobotanical assemblage. The flotation samples derive from two excavation areas in the centre of the tell, the deep sounding and area A. Using correspondence analysis, we link the biased composition of the plant remains from AH I to their relatively poor preservation. Two different sampling strategies applied in excavation area A also affected the composition of the samples. In contrast, we did not find compositional differences among the samples from AH II of both excavation areas. Our results emphasize the need for taphonomic analyses prior to interpreting the taxonomic composition of charred archaeobotanical assemblages. Considering these results, we discuss the subsistence economy of Chogha Golan. Domestic emmer wheat was cultivated from AH II onwards. Wild barley, Aegilops sp., lentils, peas and various vetches may have been cultivated as well. This spectrum of typical Neolithic food plants was supplemented by a high diversity of other potential wild food resources, including medium and small-seeded grasses, Pistacia, Bolboschoenus glaucus, Malva and Brassicaceae. A compilation of ethnobotanical data, mainly from the Near and Middle East, represents the basis for assessing the potential uses of the wild plants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbasi AM, Khan MA, Shah MH, Shah MM, Pervez A, Ahmad M (2013) Ethnobotanical appraisal and cultural values of medicinally important wild edible vegetables of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 9:66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abbo S, Lev-Yadun S, Heun M, Gopher A (2013) On the ‘lost’ crops of the Neolithic Near East. J Exp Bot 64:815–822

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad S, Alam K, Wariss H, Anjum S, Mukhtar M (2014) Ethnobotanical studies of plant resources of Cholistan desert, Pakistan. Int J Sci Res 3:1,782–1,788

  • Ajaib M, Khan Z-u-D, Khan N, Wahab M (2010) Ethnobotanical studies on useful shrubs of district Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. Pak J Bot 42:1,407–1,415

    Google Scholar 

  • Akan H, Aydoğdu M, Korkut MM, Balos MM (2013) An ethnobotanical research of the Kalecik mountain area (Şanlıurfa, South-East Anatolia). Biol Div Conserv 6:84–90

  • Arranz-Otaegui A, Colledge S, Ibañez JJ, Zapata L (2016a) Crop husbandry activities and wild plant gathering, use and consumption at the EPPNB Tell Qarassa North (south Syria). Veget Hist Archaeobot 25:629–645

  • Arranz-Otaegui A, Ibáñez JJ, Zapata L (2016b) Hunter-gatherer plant use in southwest Asia: the path to agriculture. In: Hardy K, Kubiak-Martens L (eds) Wild harvest: plants in the hominin and pre-agrarian human worlds. Oxbow, Oxford, pp 91–110

  • Bahmani M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Avijgan M, Hosseini S, Golshahi H, Eftekhari Z, Gholizadeh GH (2012) Ethnobotanical studies of medicinal plants used by Kurdish owners in south range of Ilam province, west of Iran. Am-Euras J Agric Environ Sci 12:1,128–1,133

  • Batello C, Marzot M, Touré AH (2004) The future is an ancient lake: traditional knowledge, biodiversity and genetic resources for food and agriculture in Lake Chad Basin ecosystems. FAO, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Benz M, Deckers K, Rössner C, Alexandrovskiy A, Pustovoytov K, Scheeres M, Fecher M, Coşkun A, Riehl S, Alt KW, Özkaya V (2015) Prelude to village life. Environmental data and building traditions of the Epipalaeolithic settlement at Körtik Tepe, southeastern Turkey. Paléorient 41:9–30

  • Boardman S, Jones G (1990) Experiments on the effects of charring on cereal plant components. J Archaeol Sci 17:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bohrer VL (1975) The prehistoric and historic role of the cool-season grasses in the southwest. Econ Bot 29:199–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozorgi M, Memariani Z, Mobli M, Salehi Surmaghi MH, Shams-Ardekani MR, Rahimi R (2013) Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): a review of their traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Sci World J 2013:1–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cakilcioglu U, Turkoglu I (2010) An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Sivrice (Elazığ-Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol 132:165–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cansaran A, Kaya ÖF (2010) Contributions of the ethnobotanical investigation carried out in Amasya district of Turkey (Amasya-Center, Bağlarüstü, Boğaköy and Vermiş villages; Yassıçal and Ziyaret towns). Biol Div Conserv 3:97–116

  • Chandra S, Rawat DS (2015) Medicinal plants of the family Caryophyllaceae: a review of ethno-medicinal uses and pharmacological properties. Integr Med Res 4:123–131

  • Chaudhari SK, Arshad M, Ahmed E, Mustafa G, Fatima S, Akhtar S, Amjad MS (2013) Ethnobotanical evaluation of grasses from Thal Desert, Pakistan. Arch Sci 66:248–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Colledge S (2002) Identifying pre-domestication cultivation in the archaeobotanical record using multivariate analysis: presenting the case for quantification. In: Cappers R, Bottema S (eds) The dawn of farming in the Near East. Ex oriente, Berlin, pp 141–151

  • Colledge S, Conolly J (2014) Wild plant use in European Neolithic subsistence economies: a formal assessment of preservation bias in archaeobotanical assemblages and the implications for understanding changes in plant diet breadth. Quat Sci Rev 101:193–206

  • Conard N, Zeidi M (2013) The ground stone tools from the aceramic Neolithic site of Chogha Golan, Ilam Province, western Iran. In: Borrell F, Ibáñez JJ, Molist M (eds) Stone tools in transition: From hunter-gatherers to farming societies in the Near East. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, pp 365–375

  • Dastan D, Aliahmadi A (2015) Antioxidant and antibacterial studies on different extracts of Ornithogalum cuspidatum Bertol from Iran. Biol Forum 7:1,072–1,075

  • De Moulins D (1997) Agricultural changes at Euphrates and steppe sites in the mid-8th to the 6th millennium bc. (BAR International Series 683) BAR, Oxford

  • Delazar A, Nazifi E, Movafeghi A, Nahar L, Nazemiyeh H, Moghadam SB, Asnaashari S, Sarker SD (2009) GC-MS analysis of Ornithogalum procerum. DARU. J Pharm Sci 17:33–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Doğan A, Tuzlacı E (2015) Wild edible plants of Pertek (Tunceli-Turkey). Marmara Pharm J 19:126–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Ertuğ F (2000) An ethnobotanical study in Central Anatolia (Turkey). Econ Bot 54:155–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairbairn A, Martinoli D, Butler A, Hillman G (2007) Wild plant seed storage at Neolithic Çatalhöyük East, Turkey. Veget Hist Archaeobot 16:467–479

  • Feinbrun-Dothan N (1978) Flora Palaestina, part 3. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem

  • Ghasemi PA, Momeni M, Bahmani M (2013) Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by Kurd tribe in Dehloran and Abdanan districts, Ilam province, Iran. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 10:368–385

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghorbani A (2005) Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the region of Turkmen Sahra, north of Iran: (Part 1): General results. J Ethnopharm 102:58–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenacre MJ (1984) Theory and applications of correspondence analysis. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Güneş F, Özhatay N (2011) An ethnobotanical study from Kars (Eastern) Turkey. Biol Div Conserv 4:30–41

  • Harlan JR (1989) Wild-grass seed harvesting in the Sahara and sub-Sahara of Africa. In: Harris DR, Hillman GC (eds) Foraging and farming. The evolution of plant exploitation. Unwin Hyman, London, pp 79–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Harlan JR (1999) Harvesting of wild-grass seed and implications for domestication. In: Anderson PC (ed) Prehistory of agriculture: New experimental and ethnographic approaches. University of California, Los Angeles, pp 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Helbæk H (1959) Domestication of food plants in the Old World. Science 130:365–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helbæk H (1966) 1966: Commentary on the phylogenesis of Triticum and Hordeum. Econ Bot 20:350–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helbæk H (1969) Plant collecting, dry-farming and irrigation agriculture in prehistoric Deh Luran. In: Hole F, Flannery KV, Neely JA (eds) Prehistory and human ecology of the Deh Luran plain. An early village sequence from Khuzistan. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, pp 383–426

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillman GC (1978) On the origins of domestic rye - Secale cereale: the finds from aceramic Can Hasan III in Turkey. Anatol Stud 28:157–174

  • Hillman GC (2000) Abu Hureyra 1: the Epipalaeolithic. In: Moore AMT, Hillman GC, Legge AJ (eds) Village on the Euphrates. From foraging to farming at Abu Hureyra. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 327–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillman GC, Hedges R, Moore AMT, Colledge S, Pettitt P (2001) New evidence of Lateglacial cereal cultivation at Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates. Holocene 11:383–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hopf M (1983) Appendix B: Jericho plant remains. In: Kenyon KM, Holland TA (eds) Excavations at Jericho, vol. 5. The pottery phases of the tell and other finds. British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem, London, pp 576–621

  • Hussain K, Shahazad A, Zia-ul-Hussnain S (2008) An ethnobotanical survey of important wild medicinal plants of Hattar district Haripur, Pakistan. Ethnobot Leafl 12:29–35

  • Ibrar M, Hussain F, Sultan A (2007) Ethnobotanical studies on plant resources of Ranyal hills, District Shangla, Pakistan. Pak J Bot 39:329–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacomet S (2009) Plant economy and village life in Neolithic lake dwellings at the time of the Alpine Iceman. Veget Hist Archaeobot 18:47–59

  • Jacomet S (2013) Archaeobotany: the potential of analyses of plant remains from waterlogged archaeological sites. In: Menotti F, O’Sullivan A (eds) Handbook of wetland archaeology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 497–514

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacomet S, Brombacher C, Dick M (1989) Archäobotanik am Zürichsee. Orell Füssli, Zürich

  • Johnston TH, Cleland JB (1943) Native names and uses of plants in the north-eastern corner of South Australia. Transactions R Soc S Aust 67:149–173

  • Kargıoğlu M, Cenkci S, Serteser A, Evliyaoğlu N, Konuk M, Kök MŞ, Bağcı Y (2008) An ethnobotanical survey of Inner-West Anatolia, Turkey. Hum Ecol 36:763–777

  • Kislev ME (1989) Pre-domesticated cereals in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic: A period. In: Hershkovitz I (ed) People and culture in change. (BAR International Series 508) BAR, Oxford, pp 147–151

  • Kislev ME (1997) Early agriculture and palaeoecology of Netiv Hagdud. In: Bar-Yosef O, Gopher A (eds) An early Neolithic village in the Jordan valley. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Harvard University, Cambridge, pp 209–236

    Google Scholar 

  • Kızılarslan Ç, Özhatay N (2012) An ethnobotanical study of the useful and edible plants of İzmit. Marmara Pharm J 16:134–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Kültür Ş (2008) An ethnobotanical study of Kırklareli (Turkey). Phytol Balc 14:279–289

  • Lev E, Kislev ME, Bar-Yosef O (2005) Mousterian vegetal food in Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel. J Archaeol Sci 32:475–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lim TK (2014) Muscari neglectum. In: Lim TK (ed) Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants, vol 7, Flowers. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 122–125

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lotfipour F, Nazemiyeh H, Fathi-Azad F, Garaei N, Arami S, Talat S, Sadegpour F, Hasanpour R (2008) Evaluation of antibacterial activities of some medicinal plants from North-West Iran. Iran J Basic. Med Sci 11:80–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Maier U (2001) Untersuchungen in der neolithischen Ufersiedlung Hornstaad-Hörnle IA am Bodensee. In: Maier U, Vogt R (eds) Siedlungsarchäologie im Alpenvorland VI. Botanische und pedologische Untersuchungen zur Ufersiedlung Hornstaad-Hörnle IA. (Forsch Ber Vor- Frühgesch Bad-Württ 74) Theiss, Stuttgart, pp 9–384

  • Maier U, Harwath A (2011) Detecting intra-site patterns with systematic sampling strategies. Archaeobotanical grid sampling of the lakeshore settlement Bad Buchau-Torwiesen II, southwest Germany. Veget Hist Archaeobot 20:349–365

  • Märkle T, Rösch M (2008) Experiments on the effects of carbonization on some cultivated plant seeds. Veget Hist Archaeobot 17:257–263

  • Melamed Y, Plitmann U, Kislev ME (2008) Vicia peregrina: an edible early Neolithic legume. Veget Hist Archaeobot 17:29–34

  • Miller NF (1996) Seed eaters of the ancient Near East: human or herbivore? Curr Anthropol 37:521–528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller NF (2003) Plant remains from the 1996 Excavation. In: Alizadeh A (ed) Excavations at the Prehistoric Mound of Chogha Bonut, Khuzestan, Iran. Oriental Institute Publications, Chicago, pp 123–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller NF, Smart T (1984) Intentional burning of dung as fuel: A mechanism for the incorporation of charred seeds into the archeological record. J Ethnobiol 4:15–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosaddegh M, Naghibi F, Moazzeni H, Pirani A, Esmaeili S (2012) Ethnobotanical survey of herbal remedies traditionally used in Kohghiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad province of Iran. J Ethnopharmacol 141:80–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mükemre M, Behçet L, Çakılcıoğlu U (2016) Survey of wild food plants for human consumption in villages of Çatak (Van-Turkey). Indian J Tradit Knowl 15:183–191

  • Nawash O, Al-Assaf A, El-Oqlah A, Omari M (2014) Floristic features, distribution, and ethnobotany of plants gathered and used by local people from the Mediterranean forest in Northern Jordan. Ethnobot Res Appl 12:385–396

  • Nazifi E, Movafeghi A, Nazemiyeh H, Asnaashari S, Moghadam SB, Delazar A (2010) Phytochemical analysis of essential oils from different plant parts of Ornithogalum cuspidatum Bertol. Pharm Sci 16:37–46

  • Nesbitt M (2006) Identification guide for Near Eastern grass seeds. University College London, London

  • Özgen U, Kaya Y, Coşkun M (2004) Ethnobotanical studies in the villages of the district of Ilica (province Erzurum), Turkey. Econ Bot 58:691–696

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Özgökçe F, Özçelik H (2004) Ethnobotanical aspects of some taxa in east Anatolia, Turkey. Econ Bot 58:697–704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pustovoytov KE, Riehl S, Mittmann S (2004) Radiocarbon age of carbonate in fruits of Lithospermum from the early Bronze Age settlement of Hirbet ez-Zeraqōn (Jordan). Veget Hist Archaeobot 13:207–212

  • Qureshi R, Raza Bhatti G (2008) Ethnobotany of plants used by the Thari people of Nara Desert, Pakistan. Fitoter 79:468–473

  • Rea AM (1997) At the desert’s green edge: An ethnobotany of the Gila River Pima. University of Arizona Press, Tucson

    Google Scholar 

  • Riehl S, Zeidi M, Conard NJ (2013) Emergence of agriculture in the foothills of the Zagros mountains of Iran. Science 341:65–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riehl S, Asouti E, Karakaya D, Starkovich BM, Zeidi M, Conard NJ (2015) Resilience at the transition to agriculture: The long-term landscape and resource development at the aceramic Neolithic tell site of Chogha Golan (Iran). BioMed Res Int 2015:1–22

  • Sargın SA, Akçicek E, Selvi S (2013) An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the local people of Alaşehir (Manisa) in Turkey. J Ethnopharmacol 150:860–874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sathiyamoorthy P, Lugasi-Evgi H, Van-Damme P, Abu-Rabia A, Gopas J, Golan-Goldhirsh A (1997) Larvicidal activity in desert plants of the Negev and Bedouin market plant products. Int J Pharmacogn 35:265–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savard M, Nesbitt M, Jones MK (2006) The role of wild grasses in subsistence and sedentism: new evidence from the northern Fertile Crescent. World Archaeol 38:179–196

  • Schlichtherle H (1990) Die Sondagen 1973–1978 in den Ufersiedlungen Hornstaad-Hörnle I. Siedlungsarchäologie im Alpenvorland I. (Forsch Ber Vor- Frühgesch Bad-Württ 36) Theiss, Stuttgart

  • Shafaghat A, Salimi F, Aslaniyan N, Shoaei Z (2010) Flavonoids and an ester derivative isolated from Galium verum L. World Appl Sci J 11:473–477

  • Simsek I, Aytekin F, Yesilada E, Yildirimli Ş (2004) An ethnobotanical survey of the Beypazari, Ayas, and Güdül district towns of Ankara Province (Turkey). Econ Bot 58:705–720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh AP (2006) Note on Trigonella corniculata (L.) L. Ethnobot Leafl 10:280

  • Snir A, Weiss E (2014) A novel morphometric method for differentiating wild and domesticated barley through intra-rachis measurements. J Archaeol Sci 44:69–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Starkovich BM, Riehl S, Zeidi M, Conard NJ (2016) Subsistence strategies in the aceramic Neolithic at Chogha Golan, Iran. In: Marom N, Yeshurun R, Weissbrod L, Bar-Oz G (eds) Bones and identity. Zooarchaeological approaches to reconstructing social and cultural landscapes in Southwest Asia. Oxbow, Oxford, pp 45–71

  • Tanno K, Willcox G (2012) Distinguishing wild and domestic wheat and barley spikelets from early Holocene sites in the Near East. Veget Hist Archaeobot 21:107–115

  • Tolar T, Jacomet S, Velušček A, Čufar K (2011) Plant economy at a late Neolithic lake dwelling site in Slovenia at the time of the Alpine Iceman. Veget Hist Archaeobot 20:207–222

  • Uysal İ, Onar S, Karabacak E, Çelik S (2010) Ethnobotanical aspects of Kapıdağ Peninsula (Turkey). Biol Div Conserv 3:15–22

  • Valamoti SM, Charles M (2005) Distinguishing food from fodder through the study of charred plant remains: an experimental approach to dung-derived chaff. Veget Hist Archaeobot 14:528–533

  • Van Amerongen YF (2016) Wild West Frisia: the role of domestic and wild resource exploitation in Bronze Age subsistence. Leiden University Press, Leiden

  • Van Zeist W, Bakker-Heeres J (1982) Archaeobotanical studies in the Levant: I. Neolithic sites in the Damascus basin: Aswad, Ghoraife, Ramad. Palaeohist 24:165–256

  • Van Zeist W, Bakker-Heeres J (1984) Archaeobotanical studies in the Levant: 3. Late-Palaeolithic Mureybit. Palaeohist 26:171–199

  • Van Zeist W, Smith PE, Palfenier-Vegter RM, Suwijn M, Casparie W (1984) An archaeobotanical study of Ganj Dareh Tepe, Iran. Palaeohist 26:201–224

  • Van der Veen M (1992) Crop husbandry regimes: an archaeobotanical study of farming in Northern England, 1000 bc-ad 500. JR Collis Publications, Sheffield

  • Weide A, Riehl S, Zeidi M, Conard NJ (2015) Using new morphological criteria to identify domesticated emmer wheat at the aceramic Neolithic site of Chogha Golan (Iran). J Archaeol Sci 57:109–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss E, Kislev ME, Simchoni O, Nadel D (2004) Small-grained wild grasses as staple food at the 23 000-year-old site of Ohalo II, Israel. Econ Bot 58:125–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss E, Kislev ME, Hartmann A (2006) Autonomous cultivation before domestication. Science 312:1,608–1,610

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss E, Kislev ME, Simchoni O, Nadel D, Tschauner H (2008) Plant-food preparation area on an Upper Paleolithic brush hut floor at Ohalo II, Israel. J Archaeol Sci 35:2,400–2,414

    Google Scholar 

  • White CE, Makarewicz CA (2012) Harvesting practices and early Neolithic barley cultivation at el-Hemmeh, Jordan. Veget Hist Archaeobot 21:85–94

  • Willcox G (2000) Présence des céréales dans le Néolithique précéramique de Shillourokambos à Chypre: résultats de la campagne 1999. Paléorient 26:129–135

  • Willcox G (2012) Searching for the origins of arable weeds in the Near East. Veget Hist Archaeobot 21:163–167

  • Willcox G, Fornite S, Herveux L (2008) Early Holocene cultivation before domestication in northern Syria. Veget Hist Archaeobot 17:313–325

  • Wilson D (1984) The carbonisation of weed seeds and their representation in macrofossil assemblages. In: Van Zeist W, Casparie W (eds) Plants and ancient man: Studies in Palaeoethnobotany. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 201–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Wollstonecroft MM, Ellis PR, Hillman GC, Fuller DQ (2008) Advances in plant food processing in the Near Eastern Epipalaeolithic and implications for improved edibility and nutrient bioaccessibility: an experimental assessment of Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla (sea club-rush). Veget Hist Archaeobot 17:19–27

  • Wollstonecroft MM, Hroudová Z, Hillman GC, Fuller DQ (2011) Bolboschoenus glaucus (Lam.) SG Smith, a new species in the flora of the ancient Near East. Veget Hist Archaeobot 20:459–470

  • Wright P (2003) Preservation or destruction of plant remains by carbonization? J Archaeol Sci 30:577–583

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeidi M, Conard N (2013) Chipped stone artifacts from the aceramic Neolithic site of Chogha Golan, Ilam Province, western Iran. In: Borrell F, Ibáñez J, Molist M (eds) Stone tools in transition: from hunter-gatherers to farming societies in the Near East. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, pp 315–326

  • Zeidi M, Riehl S, Napierala H, Conard NJ (2012) Chogha Golan: A PPN Site in the foothills of the Zagros mountains, Ilam Province, Iran (report on the first season of excavation in 2009). In: Matthews R, Curtis J (eds) International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, pp 259–275

  • Zohary M (1950) The segetal plant communities of Palestine. Plant Ecol 2:387–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank the TISARP team and the Iranian colleagues for their support during fieldwork and the directors of the Research Centre of the ICHHTO and the Iranian Centre for Archaeological Research for granting our permits. Funding of this research was provided by the Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoecology in Tübingen (HEP), the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Government of Baden-Württemberg in form of a Doctoral Government Scholarship.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany

    Alexander Weide

  2. Institute for Archaeological Sciences and Tübingen Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany

    Simone Riehl

  3. Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology and Tübingen Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Burgsteige 11, 72070, Tübingen, Germany

    Mohsen Zeidi & Nicholas J. Conard

Authors
  1. Alexander Weide
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Simone Riehl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohsen Zeidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nicholas J. Conard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexander Weide.

Additional information

Communicated by A. Fairbairn.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 709 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Weide, A., Riehl, S., Zeidi, M. et al. Reconstructing subsistence practices: taphonomic constraints and the interpretation of wild plant remains at aceramic Neolithic Chogha Golan, Iran. Veget Hist Archaeobot 26, 487–504 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-017-0607-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-017-0607-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation