Zusammenfassung
Aggressives Verhalten, Gewaltfantasien und potenzielle Bedrohungen gegenüber Dritten sind häufige Themen in der Psychotherapie. Bei der Beurteilung des Risikos für aggressives Verhalten sind klinische, soziale und situative Faktoren zu berücksichtigen. Das Vorhandensein von aggressiven Fantasien und Drohungen kann als Warnhinweis für eine potenzielle Bedrohung verstanden werden. Beim Umgang mit Drohungen gegenüber Dritten sind auf rechtlicher Ebene Schweigepflicht, Offenbarungsbefugnisse und Offenbarungspflichten sowie bei einer Kindeswohlgefährdung teilweise abweichende Regelungen zu beachten.
Abstract
Aggressive behaviour, violent fantasies and potential threats against third parties are frequent topics in psychotherapy. Clinical, social and dynamic factors have to be considered for the risk assessment of aggressive behaviour. The appearance of aggressive fantasies and threats can be perceived as an indicator for potential threats. Legal aspects such as medical confidentiality, rights and duties to warn have to be kept in mind when dealing with threats against third parties. Concerning threats against children different laws have to be considered.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Literatur
Allroggen M, Fegert JM (2010) Narzisstische Störungen bei Jugendlichen und ihre Bedeutung bei der Einordnung von „Trittbrettfahrern“. Nervenheilkunde 29:438–441
American Psychological Association (2002) Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Am Psychologist 57:1060–1073
Borum R, Fein R, Vossekuil B, Berglund J (1999) Threat assessment: defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence. Behav Sci Law 17:323–337
Burgess AW, Hartman CR, Ressler RK et al (1986) Sexual homicide: a motivational model. J Interpers Violence 1:251–272
Cardozo BL, Kaiser R, Gotway CA, Agani F (2003) Mental health, social functioning, and feelings of hatred and revenge of Kosovar Albanians one year after the war in Kosovo. J Trauma Stress 16:351–360
Crabb PB (2000) The material culture of homicidal fantasies. Aggress Behav 26:225–234
Crepault C, Couture M (1980) Men’s erotic fantasies. Arch Sex Behav 9:565–581
Douglas KS, Skeem JL (2005) Violence risk assessment. Getting specific about being dynamic. Psychol Public Policy Law 11:347–383
Dressing H,·Meyer-Lindenberg A (2010) Risikoeinschätzung bei Amokdrohungen. Neue Aufgaben für die Psychiatrie? Nervenarzt 81:594–601
Fabricius D (1996) Zur Strafbarkeit der Offenbarung eines Geheimnisses an andere Schweigepflichtige. Strafverteidiger 485–487
Fox JA, Levin J (2003) Mass murder: an analysis of extreme violence. J Appl Psychoanal Stud 5:47–64
Gately LA, Stabb SD (2005) Psychology students‘ training in the management of potentially violent clients. Prof Psychol Res Pr 36:681–687
Gellerman DM, Suddath R (2005) Violent fantasy, dangerousness, and the duty to warn and protect. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 33:484–495
Greendlinger V, Byrne D (1987) Coercive sexual fantasies of college men as predictors of self-reported likelihood to rape and overt sexual aggression. J Sex Res 23:1–11
Hillbrand M (2001) Homicide-suicide and other forms of co-occuring aggression against self and against others. Prof Psychol Res Pr 32:626–635
Hsu B, Kling A, Kessler C et al (1994) Gender differences in sexual fantasy and behavior in a college population: a ten-year replication. J Sex Marital Ther 20:103–118
Johnson JG, Cohen P, Smailes E et al (2000) Adolescent personality disorders associated with violence and criminal behavior during adolescence and early adulthood. Am J Psychiatry 157:1406–1412
Kemper A, Fegert JM, Fangerau H (2010) Bruch der ärztlichen Schweigepflicht bei Androhung von Gewalt- und Sexualstraftaten in der Psychotherapie? Ethische und rechtliche Grundsätze als Wegweiser für die Praxis. Nervenheilkunde 29:460–464
Kemper A, Kölch M, Fangerau H, Fegert JM (2010) Ärztliche Schweigepflicht bei Kindeswohlgefährdung. Mehr Handlungssicherheit durch die neuen Kinderschutzgesetze? Ethik Med 22:33–47
Kenrick DT, Sheets V (1993) Homicidal fantasies. Ethol Sociobiol 14:231–246
Kindhäuser U, Neumann U, Paeffgen H-U (2005) Strafgesetzbuch, Bd II, 2. Aufl. Nomos, Baden-Baden, S 146–358
MacCulloch MJ, Snowden PR, Wood PJW, Mills HE (1983) Sadistic fantasy: sadistic behaviour and offending. Br J Psychiatry 143:20–29
MacCulloch MC, Gray N, Watt A (2000) Britain’s sadistic murderer syndrome reconsidered: an associative account of the etiology of sadistic sexual fantasy. J Forens Psychiatry Psychol 11:401–418
McNiel DA, Gregory AL, Lam JN et al (2003) Utility of decision support tools for assessing acute risk of violence. J Consult Clin Psychol 71:945–953
Nestor PG (2002) Mental disorder and violence: personality dimensions and clinical features. Am J Psychiatry 159:1973–1978
Orth V, Montada L, Maereker A (2000) Feelings of revenge, retaliation motive, and posttraumatic stress reactions in crime victims. J Interpers Violence 21:229–243
Otto RK (2000) Assessing and managing violence risk in outpatient settings. J Clin Psychol 56:1239–1262
Smith CE, Fischer KW, Watson MW (2009) Toward a refined view of aggressive fantasy as a risk factor for aggression: interaction effects involving cognitive and situational variables. Aggress Behav 35:313–323
Templeman T, Stinnett R (1991) Patterns of sexual arousal and history in a „normal“ sample of young men. Arch Sex Behav 20:137–250
Ulsenheimer K (2008) Arztstrafrecht in der Praxis, 4. Aufl. Müller, Heidelberg
VandeCreek L, Knapp S (2000) Risk management and life threatening behaviors. J Clin Psychol 56:1335–1351
Vossekuil B, Fein RA, Reddy M et al (2002) The final report and findings of the Safe School Initiative: implications for the prevention of school attacks in the United States. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Safe and Drug-Free Schools Program and U.S. Secret Service, National Threat Assessment Centre. Washington, DC
Warren LJ, Mullen PE, Thomas SDM et al (2008) Threats to kill: a follow-up study. Psychol Med 38:599–605
Interessenkonflikt
Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehungen hin: Prof. Dr. Jörg M. Fegert und Dr. Marc Allroggen haben Projektgelder vom Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, erhalten. Bei Dr. Andrea Kliemann, Dr. Nina Spröber und Dr. Thea Rau bestehen keine Interessenkonflikte.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Allroggen, M., Kliemann, A., Spröber, N. et al. Bedrohungsszenarien und Gewalt gegenüber Dritten in der Psychotherapie. Psychotherapeut 57, 142–147 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-011-0845-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-011-0845-0