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Preoperative antithrombotic therapy and risk of blood transfusion and mortality following hip fracture surgery: a Danish nationwide cohort study

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Abstract

Summary

Hip fracture surgery is associated with high risk of bleeding and mortality. The patients often have cardiovascular comorbidity, which requires antithrombotic treatment. This study found that preoperative use of oral anticoagulants was not associated with transfusion or mortality following hip fracture surgery, whereas increased risk may exist for antiplatelet drugs.

Introduction

Hip fracture surgery is associated with high bleeding risk and mortality; however, data on operative outcomes of hip fracture patients admitted while on antithrombotic therapy is sparse. We examined if preoperative antithrombotic treatment was associated with increased use of blood transfusion and 30-day mortality following hip fracture surgery.

Methods

Using data from the Danish Multidisciplinary Hip Fracture Registry, we identified 74,791 hip fracture surgery patients aged ≥ 65 years during 2005–2016. Exposure was treatment with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), vitamin K antagonists (VKA), or antiplatelet drugs at admission for hip fracture. Outcome was blood transfusion within 7 days postsurgery and death within 30 days.

Results

A 45.3% of patients received blood transfusion and 10.6% died. Current NOAC use was associated with slightly increased risk of transfusion (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.14), but similar mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.88, 95% CI 0.75–1.03) compared with non-users. The pattern remained when restricting to patients with short surgical delay (< 24 h). VKA users did not have increased risk of transfusion or mortality. The risks of transfusion (aRR 1.15 95% CI 1.12–1.18) and 30-day mortality (aHR 1.18 95% CI 1.14–1.23) were increased among antiplatelet users compared with non-users.

Conclusions

In an observational setting, neither preoperative NOAC nor VKA treatments were associated with increased risk of 30-day postoperative mortality among hip fracture patients. NOAC was associated with slightly increased risk of transfusion. Preoperative use of antiplatelet drugs was associated with increased risk of transfusion and mortality.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Alle 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark

    C. Daugaard, A.B. Pedersen, N.R. Kristensen & S.P. Johnsen

  2. Danish Center for Clinical Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Mølleparkvej 10, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark

    S.P. Johnsen

Authors
  1. C. Daugaard
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  2. A.B. Pedersen
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  3. N.R. Kristensen
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  4. S.P. Johnsen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Daugaard.

Ethics declarations

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. The study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (record no. 1-16-02-467-15), and no patient consent was needed as detail has been removed from the case description to ensure anonymity. According to the Danish law, registry-based studies do not require ethical approval.

Conflicts of interest

Cecilie Daugaard, Alma B. Pedersen, and Nickolaj R. Kristensen declare that they have no conflict of interest. Søren P. Johnsen has, outside the submitted work, received speaker honorarium from BMS and Pfizer; participated in board meetings for BMS, Pfizer, and Bayer; and received previous research funding from BMS and Pfizer.

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Daugaard, C., Pedersen, A., Kristensen, N. et al. Preoperative antithrombotic therapy and risk of blood transfusion and mortality following hip fracture surgery: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Osteoporos Int 30, 583–591 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4786-0

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