Zusammenfassung
Die Kryokonservierung reifer unbefruchteter Oozyten ist in den letzten Jahren vor allem durch die Vitrifikation technisch möglich und mit realistischen Erfolgsaussichten für eine spätere Schwangerschaft und Geburt etabliert worden und hat den Status einer experimentellen Methode verloren. Diese Arbeit diskutiert die Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der Anwendung bei nichtmedizinischen Indikationen („social freezing“). Die vorliegenden Erfahrungen und Untersuchungen zur Kryokonservierung reifer Oozyten rechtfertigen die Nutzung der Methode auch bei nichtmedizinischen Indikationen, wenn vorher eine kritische Beratung der Patientin über die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen erfolgte, um unrealistische Erwartungen zu verhindern.
Abstract
In recent years cryopreservation of mature unfertilized oocytes has become possible. Especially with the routine introduction of vitrification it opens realistic chances for later pregnancy and birth and is no longer an experimental method. This paper discusses the limitations and possibilities of the application for non-medical reasons (social freezing). Using this method is also justified for non-medical reasons after critical counseling of patients to avoid unrealistic expectations.
Literatur
Allensbacher Berichte (2007) Unfreiwillige Kinderlosigkeit. http://www.ifd-allensbach.de/uploads/tx_reportsndocs/prd_0711.pdf (Zugegriffen: 18. Juni 2013)
Bianchi V, Lappi M, Bonu MA, Borini A (2012) Oocyte slow freezing using a 0.2–0.3 M sucrose concentration protocol: is it really the time to trash the cryopreservation machine? Fertil Steril 97:1101–1107
Broomfield DP, Vishwakarma E, Green L, Patrizio P (2011) Slow freezing vs. vitrification of oocytes: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 96(suppl):S24
Chian RC, Huang JY, Gilbert L et al (2009) Obstetric outcomes following vitrification of in vitro and in vivo matured oocytes. Fertil Steril 91:2391–2398
Cil AP, Oktay K (2011) Age-based success rates after elective oocyte cryopreservation (EOC): a pooled analysis of 2281 thaw cycles. Fertil Steril 96(Suppl):S211
Cobo A, Pérez S, De los Santos MJ et al (2008) Effect of different cryopreservation protocols on the metaphase II spindle in human oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online 17:350–359
Cobo A, Diaz C (2011) Clinical application of oocyte vitrification: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Fertil Steril 96:277–285
Coticchio G, Bromfield JJ, Sciajno R et al (2009) Vitrification may increase the rate of chromosome misalignment in the metaphase II spindle of human mature oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online 19(suppl 3):29–34
Dowling-Lacey D, Mayer JF, Jones E et al (2011) Live birth from a frozen-thawed pronuclear stage embryo almost 20 years after its cryopreservation. Fertil Steril 95:1120.e1–e3
ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law including, Dondorp W, Wert G de et al (2012) Oocyte cryopreservation for age-related fertility loss. Hum Reprod 27:1231–1237
Fadini R, Brambillasca F, Renzini MM et al (2009) Human oocyte cryopreservation: comparison between slow and ultrarapid methods. Reprod Biomed Online 19:171–180
Feldschuh J, Brassel J, Durso N, Levine A (2005) Successful sperm storage for 28 years. Fertil Steril 84:1017
Hirshfeld-Cytron J, Grobman WA, Milad MP (2012) Fertility preservation for social indications: a cost-based decision analysis. Fertil Steril 97:665–670
Kim TJ, Hong SW (2011) Successful live birth from vitrified oocytes after 5 years of cryopreservation. J Assist Reprod Genet 28:73–76
Kort DH, Gosselin J, Choi JM et al (2012) Pregnancy after age 50: defining risks for mother and child. Am J Perinatol 29:245–250
Le Ray C, Scherier S, Anselem O et al (2012) Association between oocyte donation and maternal and perinatal outcomes in women aged 43 years or older. Hum Reprod 27:896–901
López Teijón M, Serra O, Olivares R et al (2006) Delivery of a healthy baby following the transfer of embryos cryopreserved for 13 years. Reprod Biomed Online 13:821–822
Mertes H, Pennings G (2011) Social egg freezing: for better, not for worse. Reprod Biomed Online 23:824–829
Nawroth F, Dittrich R, Kupka M et al (2012) Kryokonservierung von unbefruchteten Eizellen bei nicht-medizinischen Indikationen („social freezing“): aktueller Stand und Stellungnahme des Netzwerkes FertiPROTEKT. Frauenarzt 53:528–533
Noyes N, Porcu E, Borini A (2009) Over 900 oocyte cryopreservation babies born with no apparent increase in congenital anomalies. Reprod Biomed Online 18:769–776
Noyes N, Knopman JM, Melzer K et al (2011) Oocyte cryopreservation as a fertility preservation measure for cancer patients. Reprod Biomed Online 23:323–333
Parmegiani L, Fabbri R, Cognigni GE et al (2008) Blastocyst formation, pregnancy, and birth derived from human oocytes cryopreserved for 5 years. Fertil Steril 90:2014.e7–e10
Patrizio P, Bernal PD, Kahn J et al (2011) Ongoing implantations and baby rate per vitrified oocyte during third party reproduction using gametes from an egg bank. Fertil Steril 96(Suppl):S53–S54
Porcu E, Fabbri R, Seracchioli R et al (1997) Birth of a healthy female after intracytoplasmic sperm injection of cryopreserved human oocytes. Fertil Steril 68:724–726
Rienzi L, Romano S, Albricci L et al (2010) Embryo development of fresh ‚versus‘ vitrified metaphase II oocytes after ICSI: a prospective randomized sibling-oocyte study. Hum Reprod 25:66–73
Rienzi L, Cobo A, Paffoni A et al (2012) Consistent and predictable delivery rates after oocyte vitrification: an observational longitudinal cohort multicentric study. Hum Reprod 27:1606–1612
Shkedi-Rafid S, Hashiloni-Dolev Y (2011) Egg freezing for age-related fertility decline: preventive medicine or a further medicalization of reproduction? Analyzing the new Israeli policy. Fertil Steril 96:291–294
Simchen MJ, Yinon Y, Moran O et al (2006) Pregnancy outcome after age 50. Obstet Gynecol 108:1084–1088
The Practice Committees of the ASRM and the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (2013) Mature oocyte cryopreservation: a guideline. Fertil Steril 99:37–43
Van Loendersloot LL, Moolenaar LM, Mol BW et al (2011) Expanding reproductive lifespan: a cost-effectiveness study on oocyte freezing. Hum Reprod 26:3054–3060
Van Uehm JF, Siebzehnrübl ER, Schuh B et al (1987) Birth after cryopreservation of unfertilized oocytes. Lancet 1:752–753
Interessenkonflikt
Der Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nawroth, F. „Social freezing“ – Pro und Contra. Gynäkologe 46, 648–652 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-013-3145-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-013-3145-7