Abstract
The influences of geometrical parameters on the shell side heat transfer in shell-and-tube heat exchangers are investigated by experiments using 32 different test heat exchangers. The test heat exchangers differ by number of tubes, length, shell and tube diameter, nozzle diameter and tube pitch. From the experimental results it can be confirmed that the influence of the tube pitch is small enough to be neglected in shell-and-tube heat exchangers used in real processes. The heat transfer rate of the longitudinal flow can be calculated from the correlation for turbulent flow in concentric annular ducts by inserting the porosity instead of the ratio of tube to shell diameter. The influence of the cross flow in the nozzle region increases with decreasing length of the heat exchangers. The heat transfer coefficients in the nozzle region are determined by comparing the overall heat transfer coefficients of the heat exchangers with that calculated from the correlation for the longitudinal flow. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient in the nozzle region is 40 % greater than that in the parallel region, if the length of the apparatuses is about 30 times the hydraulic diameter. A new correlation suitable for predicting the heat transfer coefficient is presented, which consists of a superposition of the Nusselt number for the flow in the nozzle region and that for the longitudinal flow.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aicher, T. and Kim, W. K., Experimental Investigation of Influence of the“Cross-flow” in the Nozzle Region on the Shell-side Heat Transfer in Double Pipe Heat Exchangers”,Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, to be published (1997).
Dingee, D.A., Bell, W.B., Chastain, J. W. and Fawcett, S.L., “Heat Transfer from Parallel Rods in Axial Flow”, BMI-1026, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, 1955.
Dittus and Boelter,“Heat and Mass Transfer”, McGraw-Hill Book Comp. (1956).
Donohue, A.,“Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Heat Exchangers”,Ind. Eng. Chem.,41(11), 2499 (1949).
El-Genk, M.S., Bedrose, S.D. and Rao, D.V.,“Forced and Combined Convection of Water in a Vertical Seven-rod Bundle with P/D=1.38”,Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer,33, 1289 (1990).
Gentry, C. C., Young, R. K. and Small, W. M.“Rodbaffle Heat Exchangers”, 7th Int. Heat Transfer Conf., Munich, Germany, 6 (1982).
Gnielinski, V.,“Wärmeübergang im konzentrischen Ringspalt”, VDI-Wärmeatlas, Section Gb, VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, 6th edition, 1991.
Kim, W. K.,“Wärmeübergang and Druckverlust in längsdurchströmten Rohrbündelwärmeübertragern”, Ph. D. Dissertation, University Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany (1994).
Kim, W. K., Gnielinski, V. and Martin, H.,“Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer in Shell-and-tube Heat Exchangers Without Baffles, Part I. The Graetz-Nusselt Problem in a Cylindrical Shell Containing a Bundle of Seven Tubes”,Chem. Eng. Proc,32(2), 99 (1993).
Markocy, G.,“Konvektive Wärmeübertragung in längsangeströmten Rohr-oder Stabbündeln”, Ph. D. Dissertation, Munich University, Munich, Germany (1971).
Miller, P., Byrnes, J.J. and Benforado, D.M.,“Heat Transfer to Water Flowing Parallel to Rod Bundle”,AIChE J.,2(2), 226 (1956).
Petukhov, B. S. and Roisen, L. I.,“Generalized Dependences for Heat Transfer in Tubes of Annular Cross Section ”,Teplofiz Vysokikh Temp.,12, 565 (1974).
Presser, K.,“Wärmeübergang und Druckverlust an Reaktorbrennelementen in Form längsdurchströmter Rundstabbündel”, Jül-48-RB (1967).
Rieger, M.,“Experimentelle Untersuchung des Wärmeübergangs in parallel durchströmten Rohrbündeln bei konstanter Wärmestromdichte im Bereich mittlerer Prandtl-Zahlen”,Int. J. Heal Mass Transfer,12, 1421 (1969).
Short, B.E.,“Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Heat Exchangers”,Uni. Texas Publ.,4324, 1 (1943).
Wantland, J.L.,“Compact Turbular Heat Exchanger”, Reactor Heat Transfer Conf., TID-7529, 525 (1956).
Weisman, J.,“Heat Transfer to Water Flowing Parallel to Tube Bundles”,Nuclear Science and Eng.,6, 78 (1958).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, WK., Aicher, T. Experimental investigation of heat transfer in shell- and- tube heat exchangers without baffles. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 14, 93–100 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02706067
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02706067