Abstract
On Barro Colorado Island, Panama, a solitary male howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) was observed copulating with a female member of a troop. A unique tree-rubbing behavior was then performed by the male. Within two weeks he was the dominant male in that troop.
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Young, O.P. Tree-rubbing behavior of a solitary male howler monkey. Primates 23, 303–306 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02381169
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02381169