Abstract
Chlordane residues were determined in human milk samples. Quantitative analysis was conducted for six residual compounds in the milk of 29 healthy Japanese donors who had experienced no occupational exposure to chlordane. All six compounds were detected in the milk from each donor. Geometric mean levels in whole milk (ng/ mL) and milk fat (ng/g), respectively, were:trans-nonachlor 0.55, 15.7; oxychlordane 0.39, 11.5;cis-nonachlor 0.14, 4.00;cis-chlordane 0.09, 3.08;trans-chlordane 0.04, 1.20; heptachlor epoxide 0.66, 20.0.
In terms of the concentration (in both the whole milk and fat), a significant positive correlation was noted between any two compounds oftrans-nonachlor,cis-nonachlor, and oxychlordane. The residue level of each of these compounds had a significant positive correlation with the lipid content of the milk.
The level of chlordane residues in human milk was not very high, but the data suggest widespread chlordane contamination among the general Japanese population.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barnett JR, Dorough HW (1974) Metabolism of chlordane in rats. J Agric Food Chem 22:612–619
Feroz M, Khan MAQ (1979) Metabolism, tissue distribution, and elimination of cis-14chlordane in the tropical fresh-water fishCichlasoma sp. J Agric Food Chem 27:1190–1197
IARC (1979) Some halogenated hydrocarbons, chlordane. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyons, Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans, 20:45–65
IPCS (1984) Chlordane. International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria 34, WHO Geneva, pp 82
Mes J, Davies DJ (1978) Variation in the poly chlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticide residues during human breastfeeding and its diurnal pattern. Chemosphere 9:699–706
Miyazaki T, Akiyama K, Kaneko S, Horii S, Yamagishi T (1980) Chlordane residues in human milk. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 25:518–523
NRC Canada (1974) Chlordane: Its effects on Canadian ecosystems and its chemistry. National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada NRCC No. 14094, pp 189
Savage EP, Keefe TJ, Tessari JD, Wheeler HW, Applehans FM, Goes EA, Ford SA (1981) National study of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide residues in human milk, USA, 1. Geographic distribution of dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, chlordane, oxychlordane, and mirex. Am J Epidemiol 113:413–422
Sovocool GM, Lewis RG, Harless RL, Wilson NK, Zehr RD (1977) Analysis of technical chlordane by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 49:734–740
Strassman SC, Kutz FW (1977) Insecticide residues in human milk from Arkansas and Mississippi, 1973-74. Pestic Monit J 10:130–133
Street JC, Blau SE (1972) Oxychlordane: Accumulation in rat adipose tissue on feeding chlordane isomers or technical chlordane. J Agric Food Chem 20:395–397
Takahashi W, Saidin D, Takei G, Wong L (1981) Organochloride pesticide residue in human milk in Hawaii, 1979-80. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 27:506–511
Tashiro S, Matsumura F (1978) Metabolism of trans-nonachlor and related chlordane components in rat and man. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 7:113–127
US EPA (1976) Pesticidal aspects of chlordane and heptachlor in relation to man and the environment-A further review, 1972–1975. EPA/540, 4-76-005. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, PB-258-339
Wariishi M, Suzuki Y, Nishiyama K (1986) Chlordane residues in normal human blood. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol (in press)
Yamagishi T, Miyazaki T, Akiyama K, Kaneko S, Horii S (1981) Residues of chlordane in fish and shellfish from Kanto area and its vicinity. J Food Hyg Soc Japan 22:270–278
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tojo, Y., Wariishi, M., Suzuki, Y. et al. Quantitation of chlordane residues in mothers' milk. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 15, 327–332 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01066398
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01066398