Abstract
Powdery mildews were first recognized as white powdery appearance on the leaves of Humulus, Acer, Lamia, Galeopsis, and Lithospermum by plant pathogens infection as early as 1753 which was named as Mucor erysiphe. Initially powdery mildews were a fascinating subject of research for mycologists who reported several species of powdery mildews on different hosts on the basis of minor differences in their morphological characteristics. The economic importance of powdery mildews was realized in 1850 with the most wide spread, and disastrous losses attributable to powdery mildew of grapes in France. Later, during nineteenth century, powdery mildew diseases of barley, gooseberry, peaches, cucurbits, and several other crops have been found to cause economic losses in many countries of the world. The crucifer’s powdery mildew has gained its importance as an economically damaging disease during last two decades of twentieth century. In total, upto now, more than 873 species of powdery mildews have been reported to cause infection to nearly 10,000 plant species all over the world. The powdery mildew of crucifers (Arabidopsis) is considered as one of the “Top ten fungal pathogens for molecular, and genetical studies all over the world”. The classification, taxonomy, nomenclature, and identification of powdery mildew fungal genera, and species has now been resolved with the use of morphological data of both anamorph, and teleomorph stages, host range, using light, and scanning electron microscopy, and phylogenetical analysis. In future, under the new rules, powdery mildew fungi will be treated for nomenclaturaly like plants, and all other groups of organisms ruled by the “International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants” i.e., with one correct name for each species. Recently, powdery mildews have shown their potential as biological weed control agent. Some hyperparasites of powdery mildews have been identified with practical application under field conditions for powdery mildew disease control. With global warming, powdery mildews may become threatening, and more devastating disease all over the world. The information revealed on genetical, and molecular mechanisms of host-parasite interaction will be helpful in planning strategies of powdery mildew management under field conditions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anderson VG, Mason LR (1941) Powdery mildews as allergens. Calif West Med 55:241–243
Baiswar P, Braun U, Chandra S, Ngachan SV (2009) First report of an Oidium sp.[Neolycopersici] on Solanum betaceum in India. Aust Plant Dis Notes 4:32–33
Belanger RB, Bushnell WR, Dik AJ, Carver TLW (2002) The powdery mildews: a comprehensive treatise. APS Press, St Paul: 292 ISBN 0–89054–291-0
Berkeley MJ (1847) Gardeners’ Chronicle 7:779
Blumer S (1933) Die Erysiphaceen Mitteleuropasunter Besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Schweiz. In Beitr Krypt -Fl Schweiz 7(1):1–483
Blumer S (1967) Echte Mehltaupilze (Erysiphaceae). G Fischer, Jena
Boesewinkel HJ (1980) The morphology of the imperfect states of powdery mildews (Erysiphaceae). Bot Rev 46:167–224
Braun U (1981) Taxonomic studies in the genus Erysiphe I. Generic delimitation and position in the system of the Erysiphaceae. Nova Hedwigia 34:679–719
Braun U (1987) A monograph of the Erysiphales (Powdery mildews). Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 89:1–700
Braun U (1995) The powdery mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. VEB G Fischer Verlag, Jena
Braun U (2012) The impacts of the discontinuation of dual nomenclature of pleomorphic fungi: the trivial facts, problems, and strategies. Intl Mycol Assoc- Fungus 3(1):81–86
Braun U, Cook RTA (2012) Taxonomic manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery mildews), CBS biodiversity series no. 11. CBS-KNAW Fungal Diversity Centre, Utrecht
Braun U, Cook RTA, Inman AJ, Shin HD (2002) The powdery mildews: a comprehensive treatise. In: Belanger RR, Bushnell WR, Dik AJ, Carver TLW (eds) The taxonomy of the powdery mildew fungi. American Phytopathological Society (APS Press), St Paul, pp 13–55
Brundza K (1933) Beitraige zur Kenntnis der Erysiphaceen. Litauens Jahrb Landwirtschaft Akad Litauen:108–197
Carpenter D, Cappuccino N (2005) Herbivory, time since introduction and the invasiveness of exotic plants. J Ecol 93:315–321
Cook RTA, Inman AJ, Billings C (1997) Identification and classification of powdery mildew anamorphs using light and scanning electron microscopy and host range data. Mycol Res 101:975–1002
Couderc G (1893) Surles peritheces del Uncinula spiralis en France etl identification del Oidium Americain et del Oidium Europeen. Comptes Rendus II 6(210):211
Culliney TW (2005) Benefits of classical biological control for managing invasive plants. Critical Rev Plant Sci 24:131–150
de Bary HA (1863) Uber die Fruchtentwicklung der Ascomyceten. Engelmann, Leipzig
de Bary HA (1871) Beitr Zur Morphol Und Physiol Der Pilze I, XIII And XIV 23-75, 91-95 Pl 9-12 Abhandl D Senckenb Naturf Gesell 7
Dean R, Kan JALV, Pretorius ZA, Hammond-Kosack KE, Pietro AD, Spanu PD, Rudd JJ, Dickman M, Kahmann R, Ellis J, Foster GD (2012) The top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Mol Plant Pathol 13(4):414–430
Ellis MB, Ellis JP (1997) Micro fungi on land plants, an identification handbook, 2nd edn. Richmond Publishing Co Ltd Slough
Ellis MB, Ellis JP (1998) Micro fungi on miscellaneous substrates. An identification handbook ed. 2. The Richmond Publishing Co LTD, Slough
Enright SM, Cipollini D (2007) Infection of powdery mildew Erysiphe cruciferarum (Erysiphaceae) strongly affects growth and fitness of Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae). Am J Bot 94:1813–1820
Galloway BT (1895) Observations on the development of Uncinula spiralis. Bot Gazett 20:486–491
Gaumann E (1945) Cber Seuchenziige bei pflanzliche Infektionskrankheiten (concerned with epidemics of herbal infectious diseases). Exp Dermatol 1:1–12
Glawe DA (2008) The powdery mildews: a review of the world’s most familiar (yet poorly known) plant pathogens. Annu Rev Phytopathol 46:27–51
Golovin PN (1956) Morphological review of the genus Leveillula arnaud (powdery mildew fungi, family Erysiphaceae) (in Russian). Tr VL Komarov Bot Inst Acad Sci USSR Ser II 10:193–308
Hare RM (1994) Influence of dates of sowing on powdery mildew of rapeseed mustard. M Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, India, pp 1–47
Harper RA (1895) Die Entwickelung des Peritheciums bei Spherotheca castagnei. Berichte d d Bot Gesell 13:475–481
Harper RA (1896) Uber das Verhalten der Kerne bei der Fruchtentwickelung einiger Ascomyceten. Jahr f w Botanik 29:656–686
Harper RA (1905) Sexual reproduction and the organization of the nucleus in certain mildews. Carnegie Instit of Washington, Publication 37:1–104
Hingole DG (1995) Estimation of yield losses in rapeseed-mustard due to powdery mildew and white rust. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, India, pp 1–52
Hirata K (1966) Host range and geographical distribution of the powdery mildews. Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata
Hirata K (1976) Notes on host range and geographic distribution of the powdery mildew fungi VI distribution of the hosts of powdery mildew fungi in the families of angiosperms. Trans Mycol Soc Japan 17:35–62
Homma Y (1937) Erysiphaceae of Japan. J Fac Agri Hokkaida Univ 38:183–461
Jaczewski AA (1927) Powdery mildew fungi, 626 p [In Russian Abstr Rev Appl Mycol 7:346, 1928]
Jarosz AM, Davelos AL (1995) Effects of disease in wild plant populations and the evolution of pathogen aggressiveness. New Phytol 129:371–387
Jensen NF (1951) Powdery mildew of barley. Cornell Univ Agri Exp Sta Mere 305:39
Jorstad I (1925) The Erysiphaceen of Norway 116 p. Schriften Utgitt av det Norske Videnskaps Akademi i Oslo I Maten Naturvid
Junell L (1967) Erysiphaceae of Sweden. Symbola Botanica Upsaliensis 19:117
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008) Ainsworth Bisby’s dictionary of the Fungi, 10th edn. CAB International, Wallingford. 1–655p
Klika J (1924) Monografie Cesych padli. Masarykova Akad. - Prace, 23. Praze
Kohire OD, Ahmed R, Chavan SS, Khilare VC (2008) Yield losses amongst four varieties of mustard due to powdery mildew in Maharashtra. J Phytol Res 21(2):331–332
Kuhn H, Kwaaitaal M, Kusch S, Acevedo-Garcia J, Wu H, Panstruga R (2016) Biotrophy at its best: novel findings and unsolved mysteries of the Arabidopsis-powdery mildew pathosystem. Arabidopsis Book:e018. https://doi.org/10.1199/tab.0184
Marchal E (1902) De la specialization du parasitisme chez Erysiphe graminis. Comptes Rendus 135:210–212
Meena PD, Kumar V, Rathi AS, Singh D (2014) Compendium of rapeseed-mustard diseases: identification and management. ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, India, 30p
Mehta N, Singh K, Sangwan MS (2008) Assessment of yield losses and evaluation of different varieties/ genotypes of mustard against powdery mildew in Haryana. Plant Dis Res 23(1):55–59
Melhus IE (1912) Culturing of parasitic fungi on the living host. Phytopathology 2:197–203
Micali C, Gollner K, Humphry M, Consonni C, Panstruga R (2008) The powdery mildew disease of Arabidopsis: a paradigm for the interaction between plants and biotrophic fungi. Arabidopsis Book 6:e0115. https://doi.org/10.1199/tab.0115
Moseman JG (1966) Genetics of powdery mildews. Ann Rev Phytopthol 4:269–290
Neger FW (1902) Beitrage zur Biologie der Erysipheen. Flora 90:221–272
Neger FW (1903) Neue Beobachtungen uber das spontane Freiwerden der Erysipheen-frucht korper. Centrb f Bakt Parasit U Infekt Abstr 2(10):570–573
Penaud A (1998) Oidium du colza, la protection du colza est maintenant possible (Rapeseed powdery mildew, protection of rapeseed is now possible). Oleoscope 50:36–38
Reed GM (1905) Infection experiments with Erysiphe graminis DC. Trans Wisconsin Acad Sci Arts Lett 15:135–162
Reed GM (1907) Infection experiments with the mildew on cucurbits, Erysiphe cichoracearurm DC. Trans Wisconsin Acad Sci Arts Lett 15:527–547
Reed GM (1908) Infection experiments with Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. Bull Univ Wisconsin Sci Ser 3:337–416
Reed GM (1909) The mildews of the cereals. Bull Torr Bot Club 36:353–388
Reed GM (1912) Infection experiments with the powdery mildew of wheat. Phytopathology 2:81–87
Reed GM (1913) The powdery mildews: Erysiphaceæ. Trans Am Microsc Soc 32(4):219–258
Ressencourt (1927) Recherches Sur un Oidium du Murrier (research on an Oidium of the Murrier). Bull Econ Indochine 80:41–62. [Abstr in Rev Appl Mycol 6: 519–520]
Riley CV (1886) The mildews of the grape-vine and an effectual remedy for Peronospora. Proc Am Pom Soc 5:49–54
Saharan GS (1976) Three new records of hyperparasites on powdery mildew in India. Pesticides 10:52
Saharan GS (1980) Epidemiology of powdery mildew of rape and mustard. Indian J Mycol Plant Pathol (Abstr) 10:XLVI
Saharan GS, Kaushik JC (1981) Occurrence and epidemiology of powdery mildew of Brassica. Indian Phytopathol 35:17–21
Saharan GS, Mehta Naresh (2008) Sclerotinia diseases of crop plants: Biology, ecology and disease management. Springer Netherlands LXII: 486p ISBN 978-1-4020-8407-2
Saharan GS, Sheoran BS (1985) Assessment of yield losses of mustard due to powdery mildew disease. Cruciferae Newslet 10:112–113
Saharan GS, Naresh M, Sangwan MS (2005) Development of disease resistance in rapeseed-mustard. In: Saharan GS, Naresh M, Sangwan MS (eds) Diseases of oilseed crops. Indus Publication Co, New Delhi, pp 561–617
Saharan GS, Verma PR, Meena PD, Kumar A (2014) White rust of crucifers: biology, ecology and disease management. Springer, New Delhi. 244p ISBN 978-81-322-1791-6
Saharan GS, Naresh M, Meena PD (2016) Alternaria blight of crucifers: biology, ecology and disease management. Springer, Singapore: 326p, ISBN 978-981-10-0019-5
Saharan GS, Mehta N, Meena PD (2017) Downy mildew disease of crucifers: biology, ecology and disease management. Springer, Singapore: 357p, ISBN 978-981-10-7499-8
Salmon ES (1900) A monograph of the Erysiphaceae. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 9:1–292
Salmon ES (1903a) Infection powers of ascospores in Erysipheae. J Bot 41(159):204–212
Salmon ES (1903b) On specialization of parasitism in the Erysiphaceae. Beihefte zum botanischen Centralblatt 14:261–315
Salmon ES (1904a) On specialization of parasitism in the Erysiphaceae. New Phytol 3:109
Salmon ES (1904b) Mycological notes. J Bot 42:182–186
Salmon ES (1904c) On Erysiphe graminis DC and its adaptive parasitism within the genus Bromus. Ann Mycologici 2:255–267
Salmon ES (1906) On Oidiopsis taurica Lev. An endophytic member of the Erysiphaceae. Ann Bot 20:187–200
Samudre RA (1994) Influence of spacing in powdery mildew disease on four cultivars of rapeseed mustard. M.Sc. (Agri.) thesis, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani India, pp 1–43
Sawada K (1927) On the systematic investigation of Erysiphe in Formosa. Formosa Dept Agri Govt Res Inst Rep 24:55
Singh RB, Singh RN (2003) Management of powdery mildew of mustard. Indian Phytopathol 56(2):147–150
Skoric V (1927) Erysiphaceae croatiae Prilog fitopatoloskosistematskoj monografiji nasih pepelnica Annales pro Experimentis Foresticis, Zagreb, I: 52–118 [Abstr in Rev Appl Mycol 6: 124–125
Smith G (1900) The haustoria of the Erysiphe. Bot Gazette 29(3):153–184
Spencer DM (1978) The powdery mildews. Academic, New York
Steiner JA (1908) Die Specialisation der Alchemillenbewohnenden Sphwrotheca humuli (DC) Burr Centrall blatt fur Bakt, Parasitenkunde, und Infextious Krankheiten, Abstr II, 21:677–736
Stewart FW (1910) Notes on New York Plant Diseases I. NY Agri Exp Sta Bult 328
Uloth MB, You MP, Barbetti MJ (2017) Plant age and ambient temperature: significant drivers for powdery mildew (Erysiphe cruciferarum) epidemics on oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Plant Pathol. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12740
Voglino P (1905) Contribuzione allo studio della Phyllactinia corylea. Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano 12:313–327
Williamson CJ, Smith WHM (1986) Fungicidal control of powdery mildew and its effect on yield, digestibility and chemical composition of eight forage rape cultivars. J Agric Sci Cambridge 107:385–391
Yarwood CE (1957) Powdery mildews. Bot Rev XXIII:235–301
Yarwood CE (1978) History and taxonomy of powdery mildews. In: Spencer DM (ed) The powdery mildews. Academic, London, pp 1–37
Zheng RY (1985) Genera of Erysiphales. Mycotaxon 22:209–263
Zheng R, Chen G (1980) Taxonomic studies on the genus Erysiphe of China I. New species and new varieties on Caprifoloaceae. Acta Microbiol Sinica 20(1):45–49
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Saharan, G.S., Mehta, N.K., Meena, P.D. (2019). Powdery Mildew Perspective. In: Powdery Mildew Disease of Crucifers: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9853-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9853-7_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-9852-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-9853-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)