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Microbial Resistance to Antibiotics

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Bacterial Adaptation to Co-resistance

Abstract

Development of Antibiotic Resistance in bacteria has become a major public health concern. Bacteria from Clinical and Non Clinical settings have become resistant to several antibiotics. Self-medication, Excessive use of antibiotics and Incomplete antibiotic treatment is the Primary cause of resistance to antibiotics. Studies have shown that the Prophylactic use of “non priority” antimicrobials in Animal husbandry has lead to transmission of resistant bacteria Via Food chain and Environment affecting the human health.

Development of Intrinsic antibiotic resistance to bacteria is mediated by various mechanisms like Minimization of Intracellular concentration of antibiotic due to poor penetration into bacterium or Antibiotic Efflux, Modification of antibiotic target by gene mutation and Inactivation of antibiotic by hydrolysis. Bacteria can also acquire resistance to antibiotics via mutation in Chromosomal genes and by horizontal transfer.

It is estimated that 700,000 deaths occur annually due to AMR Worldwide affecting every country. Keeping in view of this current status of AMR, there is need for the development of Genetically engineered phages to deliver antimicrobial agents to bacteria; Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles which affect the bacterial cell and their metabolic pathways; Production of Antimicrobial Peptides as they are Host Defense Effector molecules in the living organism and Synthesis of New antibiotics and use of Prebiotics and Quroum sensing Inhibitors as an Alternative Approach to Combat Antibiotic resistance or to treat Pathogenic bacterial Infection. Preventive measures have been under taken at National level and International level.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Virology, AUUP, Noida, India

    Martha Premlatha

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  1. Martha Premlatha
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Correspondence to Martha Premlatha .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India

    Santi M. Mandal

  2. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Debarati Paul

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Premlatha, M. (2019). Microbial Resistance to Antibiotics. In: Mandal, S., Paul, D. (eds) Bacterial Adaptation to Co-resistance. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8503-2_4

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