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Antihypertensive Role of Kidney: Focus on Tissue Kallikreins

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Pathophysiological Aspects of Proteases

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Abstract

Regulation of blood pressure (BP) depends mostly on genetic and environmental factors. Among different physiological mechanisms responsible for a discernible increase in BP (hypertension), two major mechanisms are important: (a) matrix remodeling associated with arterial wall thickening with apparent reduction in blood flow and (b) activation of renin–angiotensin system (RAS). To counteract the BP rise beyond physiological limit and to ameliorate BP-rise-associated complications, nature has designed an important endogenous regulatory mechanism operative especially in kidney, the kallikrein–kinin system (KKS). In cortical collecting duct of the kidney, KKS plays a significant role in BP regulation under salt excess condition. This protective phenomenon potentially acts as a hypotensive mechanism to regulate abnormal BP increase. The functional components of the KKS are the kallikrein, a serine protease, and kinin. Proteolytic action of kallikrein on precursor kininogen forms vasoactive peptide kinin by enzymatic cleavage. Upon release, kinin binds to the B2 receptor on cell surface and exerts antihypertensive effect. Though KKS operates in both cardiovascular and renal systems, for the sake of simplicity and to have a focused but detailed understanding, only the regulatory mechanisms of renal KKS on BP homeostasis has been considered for discussion in this review.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to DST-SERB (Govt. of India) and the University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India, for financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA

    Amritlal Mandal

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India

    Tapati Chakraborti & Sajal Chakraborti

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  1. Amritlal Mandal
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  2. Tapati Chakraborti
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  3. Sajal Chakraborti
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Correspondence to Amritlal Mandal .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

  2. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

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Mandal, A., Chakraborti, T., Chakraborti, S. (2017). Antihypertensive Role of Kidney: Focus on Tissue Kallikreins. In: Chakraborti, S., Dhalla, N. (eds) Pathophysiological Aspects of Proteases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6141-7_26

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