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Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Systems in Plants: Role and Regulation under Abiotic Stress pp 53–87Cite as

Biotechnological Perspective of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Stress Tolerance in Plants

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Abstract

All environmental cues lead to develop secondary stress conditions like osmotic and oxidative stress conditions that reduces average crop yields by more than 50% every year. The univalent reduction of molecular oxygen (O2) in metabolic reactions consequently produces superoxide anions (O2 •−) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) ubiquitously in all compartments of the cell that disturbs redox potential and causes threat to cellular organelles. The production of ROS further increases under stress conditions and especially in combination with high light intensity. Plants have evolved different strategies to minimize the accumulation of excess ROS like avoidance mechanisms such as physiological adaptation, efficient photosystems such as C4 or CAM metabolism and scavenging mechanisms through production of antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes. Ascorbate-glutathione pathway plays an important role in detoxifying excess ROS in plant cells, which includes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in detoxifying O2 •−radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) respectively, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) involved in recycling of reduced substrates such as ascorbate and glutathione. Efficient ROS management is one of the strategies used by tolerant plants to survive and perform cellular activities under stress conditions. The present chapter describes different sites of ROS generation and and their consequences under abiotic stress conditions and also described the approaches to overcome oxidative stress through genomics and genetic engineering.

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Abbreviations

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

ASA:

Ascorbate

CAT:

Catalase

DHAR:

Dehydroascorbate reductase

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

MDHAR:

Monodehydroascorbate reductase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

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Acknowledgement

PSR acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, for the fellowship and research grant through the INSPIRE Faculty Award and Young Scientist Scheme.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India

    Thammineni Chakradhar, Srikrishna Mahanty, Ramesha A. Reddy, Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy & Malireddy K. Reddy

  2. Cell, Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering Group, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, Telangana, India

    Kummari Divya & Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy

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  1. Thammineni Chakradhar
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  2. Srikrishna Mahanty
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  3. Ramesha A. Reddy
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  4. Kummari Divya
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  5. Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
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  6. Malireddy K. Reddy
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Correspondence to Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy .

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  1. Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines

    M. Iqbal R. Khan

  2. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Nafees A. Khan

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Chakradhar, T., Mahanty, S., Reddy, R.A., Divya, K., Reddy, P.S., Reddy, M.K. (2017). Biotechnological Perspective of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Stress Tolerance in Plants. In: Khan, M., Khan, N. (eds) Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Systems in Plants: Role and Regulation under Abiotic Stress. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5254-5_3

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