Abstract
In the well-know Flammarion engraving (1888) a kneeling man pushes through the threshold of the known universe, Earth, sun, moon, stars, to encounter a strange world of layers of fire, clouds, and suns, a mystical experience as well as an expression of consciousness itself. In Zen-Brain Reflections, Reviewing Recent Developments in Meditation and States of Consciousness (2006), James H. Austin notes that the moon, as a symbol of enlightenment, is the most frequent image in Buddhist poetry. This paper considers the Western and Eastern artistic representation of the moon, focusing on Caspar David Friedrich’s “Two Men Contemplating the Moon”; Thomas Cole’s “Moonlight”; Albert van der Neer’s “Moonlit Landscape with Bridge”; Ando Hiroshige’s “Kyoto Bridge by Moonlight” and “Autumn Moon over Tama River”; and, Shibata Zeshin’s “Autumn Grasses in Moonlight,” contrasting naturalistic representation with expressed aesthetic and spiritual modalities. Finally, this paper examines how both aspects of artistic representation are incorporated in the Japanese moon-viewing festival Tsukimi and in the rock garden of Ginkakuji Temple in Kyoto. In Tsukimi and Ginkakuji the harvest moon is celebrated and experienced at the nexus between the aesthetic and spiritual.
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Notes
- 1.
Zen Sourcebook, Traditional Documents from China, Korea, and Japan, ed. Stephen Addiss, Stanley Lombardo, and Judith Roitman (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2008), p. xvii.
- 2.
Zen Calendar (New York: Workman, 2011), January 10, 2012.
- 3.
James H. Austin, Zen-Brain Reflections, Reviewing Recent Developments In Meditation and States of Consciousness (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT, 2006), pp. 403–457 and, for examples, pp. 459–463.
- 4.
Zen Calendar (New York: Workman, 2010), December 14, 2011.
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Doug Westendorp, Bamboo Cottage (blurb.com, 2010), up.
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A Zen Forest, Zen Sayings, trans. Soiku Shigematsu (Buffalo: White Pine, 2004), p. 58.
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Coleridge, Poems and Prose, sel. Kathlene Raine (London: Penguin, 1957), pp. 74–76.
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Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Selected Poetry and Prose, ed. Elizabeth Schneider (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966), p. 268.
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A Handbook of Living Religions, ed. John H. Hinnells (London: Penguin, 1984), p. 380.
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Thich Nhat Hahn, Call Me by My True Names: The Collected Poems of Thich Nhat Hahn (Berkeley: Parallax, 1994), p. 145.
- 11.
Cold Mountain Poems, Zen Poems of Han Shan, Shih Te, and Wang Fan-chih), trans. J. P. Seaton (Boston: Shambhala), p. 24.
- 12.
Ōoka Makoto, A Poet’s Anthology, The Range of Japanese Poetry, trans. Janine Beichman (Santa Fe, New Mexico: Katydid Books, 1994), p. 150.
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Ross, B. (2015). The Moon as an Artistic Focus of the Illumination of Consciousness. In: Tymieniecka, AT. (eds) From Sky and Earth to Metaphysics. Analecta Husserliana, vol 115. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9063-5_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9063-5_9
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