Abstract
Two main groups of pollutants from wood firings can be distinguished: unburnt pollutants as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot; and oxidized pollutants such as NOx and CO2.
It is shown that the unburnt pollutants can be diminued effectively if the firing system follows the rules of the two stage combustion by gasification of the wood with primary air and oxidation of the combustible gases with secondary air. Modern wood firings which fit these requirements can reach a high combustion quality, e.g. CO emissions < 250 mg/m3 at 11 Vol.% 02, if they are operated correctly. To avoid an increase of the emissions due to incorrect air settings or changes of the fuel parameters in practice an adequate combustion control is necessary.
Nitric oxides as an oxidation product cannot be avoided by a complete combustion. It is shown that the emissions of NOx from wood firings originate mainly from the fuel bound nitrogen, thermal NOx are not of great importance. The following concepts to reduce the formation of fuel NOx are presented: two stage combustion with separate reduction chamber, air staging, (process internal) fuel staging, flue gas recirculation.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bühler, R.; Nussbaumer, Th.; Jenni, A.; Koch, P.: Holz-Zentralheizungen, Bundesamt für Konjunkturfragen, Bem 1988
Graf, S.: Emissionsarme Holzschnitzelfeuerung; research report Nr. 9, Institute of Energy Technology, ETH Zürich, 1991
Good, J.: Verbrennungsregelung bei automatischen Holzschnitzelfeuerungen, PhD Thesis ETH 1992 (in press)
Kerschbaumer, D.: Regelung einer Stückholzfeuerung, PhD Thesis, University of Neuenburg 1990
Marutzky, R.: Erkenntnisse zur Schadstoffbildung bei der Verbrennung von Holz und Spanplatten, WKI-Bericht Nr. 25, Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut, Braunschweig, 1991
Nussbaumer, Th. (Ed.): Energetische Nutzung von Holz, Holzreststoffen und Altholz, Bundesamt für Energiewirtschaft, Bem 1990
Nussbaumer, Th.: Anforderungen an umweltfreundliche Holzfeuerungsanlagen, Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 49 11 1991, 445–450
Nussbaumer, Th.: Anlagentechnik der Holzvergasung und offene Fragen beim Einsatz von belastetem Altholz, Heizung Klima 9 1990, 75–82
Nussbaumer, Th.: Emissionen von Holzfeuerungen, Final Report NFP 12 project 4.971.0.86. 12, Institute of Energy Technology, ETH Zürich, Februar 1988
Nussbaumer, Th.: Grundlagen der Holzvergasung, Heizung Klima 7 1990, 52–60
Nussbaumer, Th.: Schadstoffbildung bei der Verbrennung von Holz, PhD Thesis ETH Nr. 8838, Zürich 1989 Nussbaumer, Th.: Stickoxide bei der Holzverbrennung, Heizung Klima 12 1988, 51–62
Padinger, R.; Novy, M.; Spitzer, J.: Emissionsminderung durch Verbrennungsregelung. In: Nussbaumer, Th. (Ed.): Energetische Nutzung von Holz, Holzreststoffen und Altholz, Bundesamt für Energiewirtschaft, Bern 1990
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nussbaumer, T. (1993). Wood Combustion. In: Bridgwater, A.V. (eds) Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_44
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_44
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4582-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1336-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive