Abstract
Polymer permeability causes a number of problems in various areas of pharmaceutical interest, such as the loss of drugs or other formulation ingredients by diffusion controlled sorption into plastic containers1–3 or into plastic components of delivery systems,4,5 the uptake of preservatives from cleansing and soaking solutions by soft contact lenses and their subsequent release into the eye6,7 and the release of residual ethylene oxide and its reaction products from plastic devices sterilised by exposure to that gas.8 However, permeability, together with other properties of polymers, form the basis of a number of important applications, such as tablet coatings,9 haemodialysis10 and wound dressings.11 In addition to these applications a considerable amount of research and development has been and continues to be concerned with the use of polymers as agents for controlling the release of drugs from various types of formulated product or dosage form, e.g. tablets, implants, injectables and topically applied adhesive strips. Evidence of the high degree of current interest in the design of such dosage forms and parallel studies in the fields of agriculture and pest control is provided by the number of recent reviews,12–29 books30–34 and symposia35–40 that have been concerned with these subjects.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
N. E. Richardson, D. J. G. Davies, B. J. Meakin and B. A. Norton, Pharm. J., 462 (1979).
M. S. Roberts, A. E. Polack, G. Martin and H. D. Blackburn, Int. J Pharm., 2, 295 (1979).
L. Ilium and H. Bundgaard, Int. J. Pharm., 10, 339 (1982).
P-H. Yuen, S. L. Denman, T. D. Sokoloski and A. M. Burkman, J. Pharm. Sci., 68, 1163 (1979).
E. A. Kowaluk, M. S. Roberts and A. E. Polack, Am. J. Hosp. Pharm., 39, 460 (1982).
D. L. Mackeen and K. Green, J. Pharm. Pharmac., 30, 678 (1978).
N. E. Richardson, D. J. G. Davies, B. J. Meakin and D. A. Norton, J. Pharm. Pharmac., 30, 469 (1978).
V. Handlos, Arch. Pharm. Chemi, Sci. Ed., 7, 147 (1979).
K. Lehmann and D. Dreha, Int. J. Pharm. Tech. & Prod. Mfr., 2(4), 31 (1981).
R. P. Wendt, E. Klein, E. H. Bresler, F. F. Holland, R. M. Serino and H. Villa, J. Membr. Sci., 5, 23 (1979).
T. D. Turner, Pharm. J., 206 (1982).
N. B. Graham, Brit. Polym. J., 10, 260 (1978).
S. K. Chandrasekaran, F. Theeuwes and S. I. Yum, In: Drug Design, Vol. VIII, ed. E. J. Ariens, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1979, chapter 3.
K. Heilmann, Pharm. Ztg., 125, 2093 (1980).
S. W. Kim, R. V. Petersen and J. Feijen, In: Drug Design, Vol. X, ed. E. J. Ariens, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1980, chapter 5.
R. Langer, Chem. Eng. Commun., 6, 1 (1980).
D. B. Mirth, Pharmacol. Ther. Dent., 5, 59 (1980).
H. Moller, Pharm. Ztg., 125, 1105 (1980).
J. E. Shaw, In: Ann. Rep. Med. Chem., Vol. 15, ed. H-J. Hess, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1980, chapter 31.
S. S. Davis, Pharm. Int., 2, 41 (1981).
R. S. Langer and D. S. T. Hsieh, Org. Coat. Plant. Chem., 44, 63 (1981).
R. S. Langer and N. A. Peppas, Biomaterials, 2, 201 (1981).
J. L. Olsen and F. A. Kind, Natl. Inst. Drug Abuse Res. Monogr. Ser., 28, 187 (1981). (Eds R. E. Willette and G. Barnett.)
F. Theeuwes, Pharmac. Ther., 13, 149 (1981).
S. D. Bruck, Med. Prog. Technol., 9, 1 (1982).
B. Chiang, Yaoxue Tongbao, 17, 96 (1982). (Through Chem. Abs., 97, 11670 (1982).)
K. Juju, Gekkan Yakuji, 24, 869 (1982). (Through Chem. Abs., 97, 28451 (1982).)
I. Kaetsu and A. Yamada, Kagaku no Ryoiki, Zokan, 135, 173 (1982); (Through Chem. Abs., 97, 222–783 (1982).)
K. Tsuji, Kagaku to Kogyo (Osaka), 56, 232 (1981). (Through Chem. Abs., 97, 176–769 (1982).)
N. F. Cardarelli, Controlled Release Pesticides Formulations, Chemical Rubber Co. Press, Cleveland, Ohio, 1976.
J. R. Robinson (Ed.), Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems, Marcel Decker Inc., New York, 1978.
R. Baker (Ed.), Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1980.
R. L. Juliano (Ed.), Drug Delivery Systems, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1980.
A. F. Kydonieus (Ed.), Controlled Release Technologies: Methods, Theory and Applications, Vols I and II, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 1980.
A. C. Tanquary and R. E. Lacey (Eds), Controlled Release of Biologically Active Agents, Plenum Press, New York, 1974.
D. R. Paul and F. W. Harris (Eds), Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations, ACS Symposium Series 33, Washington DC, 1976.
R. J. Kostelnik (Ed.), Polymeric Delivery Systems, Midland Macromolecular Symposium 5, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1978.
J. R. Robinson (Ed.), Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems, Amer. Pharm. Ass., Washington DC, 1980.
D. H. Lewis (Ed.), Controlled Release of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, 1981.
M. P. Summers, Pharm. J., 643 (1983).
V. H-L. Lee and J. R. Robinson, In: Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems, ed. J. R. Robinson, Marcel Decker Inc., New York, 1978, chapter 3.
R. D. Kresnicka, Hospital Topics, 45, 73 (1967).
A. Amdisen and J. Sjögren, Acta Pharnt. Suecica, 5, 465 (1968).
G. Gregoriadis (Ed.), Drug Carriers in Biology and Medicine, Academic Press, London, 1979.
D. S. Davies and B. N. C. Prichard (Ed.), Biological Effects of Drugs in Relation to their Plasma Concentrations, Macmillan Press Ltd, London, 1973.
J. G. Wagner, Fundamentals of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Drug Intelligence Publications Inc., Illinois, 1975.
R. E. Notari, Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics. An Introduction, 3rd Edn, Marcel Decker Inc., New York, 1980.
L. Shargel and A. B. C. Yu, Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1980.
K. C. Kwan, In: Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems, ed. J. R. Robinson, Marcel Decker Inc., New York, 1978, chapter 8.
R. G. Wiegand and J. D. Taylor, Biochem. Pharmacol., 3, 256 (1960).
J. R. Robinson and S. P. Eriksen, J. Pharm. Sci., 55, 1254 (1966).
H. G. Boxenbaum, Drug Dev. bid. Pharm., 8, 1 (1982).
R. M. Whittington and I. McKim Thompson, Lancet, 1, 184 (1983).
J. Folkman and D. M. Long, Jr., J. Surg. Res., 4, 139 (1964).
S. J. Desai, A. P. Simonelli and W. I. Higuchi, J. Pharm. Sci., 54, 1459 (1965).
H. M. Leeper and H. Benson, Polym. Eng. Sci., 17, 42 (1977).
A Zaffaroni, US Patent 3,854,480, 1974.
O. Wichterle and D. Lim, US Patent2,976, 576, 1961.
R. W. Baker and H. K. Lonsdale, In: Controlled Release of Biologically Active Agents, eds A. C. Tanquary and R. E. Lacey, Plenum Press, New York, 1974, pp. 15–71.
J. Crank, The Mathematics of Diffusion, Oxford University Press, London, 1956.
J. Folkman and D. M. Long, Jr., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 111, 857 (1964).
J. Folkman, D. M. Long, Jr. and R. Rosenbaum, Science, 154, 148 (1966).
D. M. Long, Jr. and J. Folkman, US Patent3,279, 996, 1966.
J. Folkman and V. H. Mark, Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 30, 1187 (1968).
S. Braley, J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem., A4, 529 (1970).
F. A. Kind, G. Benagiano and I. Angee, Steroids, 11, 673 (1968).
F. A. Kind and H. W. Rudel, Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. Ser., 273, 977 (1973).
E. M. Coutinho, C. E. R. Mattos, A. R. S. Sant’Anna, J. Adeodato Filho, M. C. Silva and H. J. Tatum, Contraception, 2, 313 (1970).
E. M. Coutinho and A. R. da Silva, Fertil. Steril., 25, 170 (1974).
S. Tevuja, U. Malhotra and G. Bhinder, Contraception, 10, 361 (1974).
E. Weiner and E. D. B. Johansson, Contraception, 14, 81 (1976).
J. G. Simmons and C. E. Hamner, Am. J. Vet. Res., 34, 1409 (1973).
A. Scommegna, G. N. Pandya, M. Christ, A. W. Lee and M. R. Cohen, Fertil. Steril., 21, 201 (1970).
S. el-Mangoub, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 123, 133 (1975).
B. H. Vickery, G. I. Erickson, J. P. Bennett, N. S. Mueller and J. K. Haleblian, Biol. Reprod., 3, 154 (1970).
R. Bloch, P. F. Kraicer, H. Binder and E. Lobel, J. Pharm. Sci., 64, 833 (1975).
K. D. Colter, M. Shen and A. T. Bell, Biomater. Med. Devices Artif. Organs, 5, 13 (1977).
K. Sundaram and F. A. Kind, Steroids, 12, 517 (1968).
S. B. Friedman, S. S. Koide and F. A. Kind, Steroids, 15, 679 (1970).
P. Kratochvil, G. Benagiano and F. A. Kind, Steroids, 15, 505 (1970).
R. E. Lacey and D. R. Cowsar, In: Controlled Release of Biologically Active Agents, eds A. C. Tanquary and R. E. Lacey, Plenum Press, New York, 1974, chapter 5.
T. J. Roseman, In: Controlled Release of Biologically Active Agents, eds A. C. Tanquary and R. E. Lacey, Plenum Press, New York, 1974, chapter 4.
Y. W. Chien and H. J. Lambert, International Symposium on Bioactivation and Controlled Drug Release, Stockholm, 1976.
J. S. Kent, In: Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations, eds D. R. Paul and F. W. Harris, ACS Symposium Series 33, Washington DC, 1976, chapter 11.
W. P. O’Neill, In: Controlled Release Technologies: Methods, Theory and Applications, Vol. I, ed. A. F. Kydonieus, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 1980, chapter 4.
C. K. Erickson, S. A. Stavchansky, K. I. Koch and J. W. McGinity, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behay., 17, 183 (1982).
J. L. Anderson, E. M. Tucker, S. Pasyk, E. Patterson, A. B. Simon, W. E. Burmeister, B. R. Lucchesi and B. Pitt, Am. J. Cardiol., 49, 1954 (1982).
T. J. Roseman, L. J. Larion and S. S. Butick, J. Pharm. Sci., 70, 562 (1981).
J. M. Anderson, H. Niven, J. Pelagalli, L. S. Olanoff and R. D. Jones, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 15, 889 (1981).
Y. W. Chien, In: Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems, ed. J. R. Robinson, Marcel Decker Inc., New York, 1978, chapter 4.
Y. W. Chien, In: Drug Delivery Systems, ed. R. L. Julians, Oxford University Press, London, 1980, chapter 2.
J. W. Shell, In: Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems, ed. J. R. Robinson, Amer. Pharm. Ass., Washington, 1980, chapter 4.
B. D. Halpern, O. Solomon, L. Kopec, E. Korostoff and J. L. Ackerman, In: Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations, eds D. R. Paul and F. W. Harris, ACS Symposium Series 33, Washington, DC, 1976, chapter 9.
V. W. Boretos, D. E. Detmer and J. H. Donachy, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 5, 373 (1971).
E. N. Doyle, The Development and Use of Polyurethane Products, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1971.
J. C. McRea and S. W. Kim, Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs, 24, 746 (1978).
G. M. Zentner, J. R. Gardiner and S. W. Kim, J. Pharm. Sci., 67, 1347 (1978).
R. E. Baker, M. E. Tuttle, H. K. Lonsdale and J. W. Ayres, J. Pharm. Sci., 68, 20 (1979).
M. D. Degennaro, B. B. Thompson and L. A. Luzzi, In: Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations, eds D. R. Paul and F. W. Harris, ACS Symposium Series 33, Washington DC, 1976, chapter 15.
L. A. Luzzi, M. A. Zoglio and H. V. Maulding, J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 338 (1970).
A. F. Kydonieus and A. R. Quisumbing, In: Controlled Release Technologies: Methods, Theory and Applications, Vol. I, ed. A. F. Kydonieus, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 1980, chapter 5.
P. Muller, P. R. Imhof, F. Burkhart, L.-C. Chu and A. Gérardin, Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 22, 473 (1982).
‘Transiderm-Nitro’, Information Booklet, Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Horsham, West Sussex.
Nitto Electric Industrial Co. Ltd., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 82,139,011. (Through Chem. Abs., 97, 203238j (1982).)
Sekisui Chemical Co. Ltd., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 82,139,347. (Through Chem. Abs., 97, 203235f (1982).)
Nippon Soda Co. Ltd., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 8258615. (Through Chem. Abs., 97, 115324d (1982).)
M. Donbrow and M. Friedman, J. Pharrn. Pharmacol., 26, 148 (1974).
M. Donbrow and M. Friedman, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 27, 633 (1975).
M. Donbrow and Y. Samdelov, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 28(Suppl.), 23P (1976).
V. Coletta and H. Rubin, J. Pharm. Sci., 53, 953 (1964).
J. H. Wood and J. Syarto, J. Pharm. Sci., 53, 877 (1964).
A. S. Obermayer and L. D. Nichols, In: Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations, eds D. R. Paul and F. W. Harris, ACS Symposium Series 33, Washington DC, 1976, chapter 26.
H. Yasuda, C. E. Lamaze and A. Peterlin, J. Polym. Sci. Part A-2, 9, 1117 (1971).
R. Y. S. Chen, Polym. Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem., 15, 387 (1974).
G. M. Zentner, J. R. Cardinal and S. W. Kim, J. Pharm. Sci., 67, 1352 (1978).
D. R. Cowsar, O. R. Tarwater and A. C. Tanquary, In: Hydrogels for Medical and Related Applications, ed. J. Andrade, ACS Symposium Series 180, Washington DC, 1976.
R. A. Abrahams and S. H. Roller, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 9, 355 (1975).
L. Olanoff, T. Koinis and J. M. Anderson, J. Pharm. Sci., 68, 1147 (1979).
T. Higuchi, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 11, 85 (1960).
W. I. Higuchi, J. Pharm. Sci., 51, 802 (1962).
T. Higuchi, J. Pharm. Sci., 50, 874 (1961).
T. J. Roseman, J. Pharm. Sci., 61, 46 (1972).
T. Higuchi, J. Pharm. Sci., 52, 1145 (1963).
D. Brookes and R. J. Washkuhn, J. Pharm. Sci., 66, 159 (1977).
W. Rhine, V. Sukhatme, D. S. T. Hsieh and R. S. Langer, In: Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials, cd. R. Barker, Academic Press, New York, 1980, p. 177.
W. Higuchi and T. Higuchi, J. Pharm. Sci., 49, 598 (1960).
S. Borodkin and F. E. Tucker, J. Pharm. Sci., 63, 1359 (1974).
T. J. Roseman and W. I. Higuchi, J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 353 (1970).
D. R. Paul and S. K. McSpadden, J. Membr. Sci. 1, 33 (1976).
J. Halehlian, R. Runkel, N. Mueller, J. Christopherson and K. Ng,.J. Pharm. Sci., 60, 541 (1971).
M. Graham, S. Proudfoot and M. D. Ward, J. Pharm. Pharmac., 34, 2P (1982).
M. Graham and S. G. Proudfoot, 3rd Int. Conf. on Pharm. Tech, Paris, 1983.
J. W. Ayres and F. T. Lindstrom, J. Pharm. Sci., 66, 654 (1977).
F. T. Lindstrom and J. W. Ayres, J. Pharm. Sci., 66, 662 (1977).
S. K. Chandrasekaran and D. R. Paul, J. Pharm. Sci., 71, 1399 (1982).
Y. W. Chien, H. J. Lambert and T. K. Lin, J. Pharm. Sci., 64, 1643 (1975).
Y. W. Chien and H. J. Lambert, J. Pharm. Sci., 63, 515 (1974).
T. J. Roseman and N. F. Cardarelli, In: Controlled Release Technologies: Methods, Theory, and Applications, Vol. 1, ed. A. F. Kydonieus, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 1980, chapter 2.
T. J. Roseman and S. H. Yalkowsky, In: Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations, eds D. R. Paul and F. W. Harris, ACS Symposium Series 33, Washington DC, 1976, chapter 4.
J. M. Anderson, H. Niven, J. Pelagalli, L. S. Olanoff and R. D. Jones, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 15, 889 (1981).
G. L. Flynn, N. F. H. Ho, S. Hwang, E. Owada, A. Moloxhia, C. R. Behl, W. I. Higuchi, T. Yotsuyanagi, Y. Shah and J. Park, In: Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations, eds D. R. Paul and F. W. Harris, ACS Symposium Series 33, Washington DC, 1976, chapter 7.
T. Higuchi, J. Pharm. Sci., 52, 1145 (1963).
R. Gurny, E. Doelker and N. A. Peppas, Biomaterials, 3, 27 (1982).
Hatem Fessi, J.-P. Marty, F. Puisieux and J. T. Carstensen, J. Pharm. Sci., 71, 749 (1982).
S. J. Desai, P. Singh, A. P. Simonelli and W. I. Higuchi, J. Pharm. Sci., 55, 1224 (1966).
P. Singh, S. J. Desai, A. P. Simonelli and W. I. Higuchi, J. Pharm. Sci., 56, 1542 (1967).
P. Singh, S. J. Desai, A. P. Simonelli and W. I. Higuchi, J. Pharm. Sci., 56, 1548 (1967).
G. L. Neil, L. G. Scheidt, S. L. Kuentzel and T. E. Moxley, Chemotherapy (Basel), 18, 27 (1973).
J. C. Fu, A. K. Kale and D. L. Moyer, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 7, 71 (1973).
H. S. Ormsbee, III and C. F. Ryan. J. Pharm. Sci., 62, 255 (1973).
Y. W. Chien, H. J. Lambert and L. F. Rozek, In: Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations, eds D. R. Paul and F. W. Harris, ACS Symposium Series 33, Washington DC, 1976, chapter 6.
C. G. Nilsson, E. D. B. Johansson and T. A. Luukkainen, Contraception, 13, 503 (1976).
J. W. McGinity, L. A. Hunke and A. B. Combs, J. Pharm. Sci., 68, 662 (1979).
Y. W. Chien, D. M. Jefferson, J. G. Cooney and H. J. Lambert, J. Pharm. Sci., 68, 689 (1979).
M. Thiery, D. Vadekerckhove, M. Dhont, A. Vermeulen and J. M. Decoster, Contraception, 13, 605 (1976).
C. H. Spilman, D. C. Beuving, A. D. Forbes, T. J. Roseman and L. J. Larion, Prostaglandins, 12(Suppl.), 1 (1976).
T. J. Roseman, L. J. Larion and S. S. Butler, J. Pharm. Sci., 70, 562 (1981).
R. L. Shippy, S. T. Hwang and R. G. Bunge, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 7, 95 (1973).
R. Langer, W. Rhine, D. S. Hsieh and R. Bawa, In: Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials, ed R. Baker, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1980, p. 83.
W. D. Rhine, D. S. Hsieh and R. Langer, J. Pharm. Sci., 69, 265 (1980).
D. S. Hsieh, R. Langer and J. Folkman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 1863 (1981).
R. Langer, D. S. Hsieh and L. Brown, ACS Symposium Series, 186, 95 (1982).
C. Ebert, J. McRea and S. W. Kim, In: Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials, ed. R. Baker, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1980, p. 107.
S. Z. Song, J. R. Cardinal, S. H. Kim and S. W. Kim, J. Pharm. Sci., 70, 216 (1981).
J. M. Wood, D. Attwood and J. H. Collett, J. Pharm. Pharmac., 34, 1 (1982).
M. Donbrow and M. Friedman, J. Pharm. Sci., 64, 76 (1975).
M. Friedman and G. Golomb, J. Periodontal Res., 17, 323 (1982).
R. J. Harwood and J. B. Schwartz, Drug. Dev. Ind. Pharm., 8, 663 (1982).
D. R. Kalkwarf, M. R. Sikov, L. Smith and R. Gordon, Contraception, 6, 423 (1972).
S. Hosaka, H. Tanzawa, H. Ozawa, Y. Murao and T. Kunimoto, Kobunshi Ronbunshu, 39, 277 (1982). (Through Chem. Abs., 97, 011768 (1982).)
J. Heller and R. W. Baker, In: Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials, ed. R. Baker, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1980, p. 1.
H. B. Hopfenberg, In: Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations, eds D. R. Paul and F. W. Harris, ACS Symposium Series 33, Washington DC, 1976, chapter 3.
C. G. Pitt, T. A. Marks and A. Schindler, In: Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials, ed. R. Baker, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1980, p. 19.
C. G. Pitt, M. M. Gratzl, A. R. Jeffcoat, R. Zweidinger and A. Schindler, J. Pharm. Sci., 68, 1534 (1979).
S. Yolles and M. Sartori, In: Drug Delivery Systems, ed. R. L. Juliano, Oxford University Press, London, 1980, chapter 3.
S. Yolles and M. F. Sartori, In: Controlled Release Technologies: Methods, Theory, nd Applications, Vol. II, ed. A. F. Kydonieus, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 1980, chapter 1.
C. Thies, Pharm. Tech. and Prod. Mfr., 2, 25 (1981).
A. Kondo, In: Microcapsule Processing and Technology, edited and revised by J. W. van Valkenburg, Marcel Decker Inc., New York, 1979.
G. Birrenbach and P. P. Speiser, J. Pharm. Sci., 65, 1763 (1976).
J. Kreuter, Pharm. Acta Helv., 53, 33 (1978).
D. L. Gardner, D. J. Fink, A. J. Patanus, W. C. Baytos and C. R. Hassler, In: Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations, eds D. R. Paul and F. W. Harris, ACS Symposium Series 33, Washington DC, 1976, chapter 12.
D. V. S. Gupta and R. E. Sparks, In: Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials, ed. R. Baker, Academic Press, New York, 1980, p. 189.
C. Thies, In: Controlled Release Formulations, ed. D. R. Paul and F. W. Harris, ACS Symposium Series 33, Washington DC, 1976, chapter 14.
L. R. Beck, D. R. Cowsar, D. H. Lewis, J. W. Gibson and C. E. Flowers, Jr., Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 135, 419 (1979).
B. P. Deasy, M. R. Brophy, B. Ecanow and M. M. Joy, J. Pharm. Pharmac., 32, 15 (1980).
T. Kato, R. Nemoto, H. Mori and I. Kumagai, Cancer, 46, 14 (1980).
J. S. Rowe and J. E. Carless, J. Pharm. Pharmac., 33, 561 (1981).
K. Bala and P. Vasudevan, J. Pharm. Sci., 71, 960 (1982).
S. Benita and M. Donbrow, J. Pharm. Sci., 71, 205 (1982).
M. Donbrow and S. Benita, J. Pharm. Pharmac., 34, 457 (1982).
F. Theeuwes and B. Eckenhoff, In: Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials, ed. R. Baker, Academic Press, New York, 1980, p. 61.
F. Theeuwes, In: Controlled Release Technologies: Methods, Theory, and Applications, Vol. II, ed. A. F. Kydonieus, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 1980, chapter 10.
H. Hopfenberg and K. C. Hsu, Polym. Eng. Sci., 18, 1186 (1978).
R. W. Korsmeyer and N. A. Peppas, J. Membr. Sci., 9, 22 (1981).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Chapman & Hall
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Richards, J.H. (1985). The Role of Polymer Permeability in the Control of Drug Release. In: Comyn, J. (eds) Polymer Permeability. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4858-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4858-7_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8650-9
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4858-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive