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Kidney and Neoplastic Disease: Overview with a Particular Interest to Interpretation of Cancer Biomarkers

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Abstract

Tumor markers represent useful tools in diagnosis and clinical management of patients with cancer, because they are easy to use, minimally invasive, and easily measured either by blood or urine. Unfortunately, such an ideal marker, as yet, does not exist. Different pathological states may increase the level of a tumor marker in the absence of any neoplasia, or alternatively during these conditions, not every subject with cancer has abnormally high levels of the tumor marker usually associated with that neoplasia. We aimed at reviewing study literature examining the association between tumor markers and different renal impairment conditions. Each tumor marker was found to be differently influenced by these criteria; additionally, we revealed in many cases a lacking of available published data.

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Abbreviations

ADPKD:

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

AFP:

Alpha-fetoprotein

ARF:

Acute renal failure

Beta-hCG:

Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin

CAPD:

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

CEA:

Carcinoembryonic antigen

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

CRF:

Chronic renal failure

ESRD:

End-stage renal disease

NSAIDs:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

NSE:

Neuron-specific enolase

PSA:

Prostate-specific antigen

PTH:

Parathyroid hormone

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of Catanzaro, c/o via Michele Torcia, 4, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy

    Giuseppe Coppolino

  2. Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of Catanzaro, c/o Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy

    Mariadelina Simeoni, Laura Rivoli & Chiara Summaria

  3. CNR - Institute of Clinical Physiology, c/o EUROLINE Via Vallone Petrara 55-57, 89124, Reggio, Calabria, Italy

    Davide Bolignano

Authors
  1. Giuseppe Coppolino
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  2. Mariadelina Simeoni
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  3. Laura Rivoli
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  4. Chiara Summaria
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  5. Davide Bolignano
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giuseppe Coppolino .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

Definitions

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

A pathological condition characterized by a reduced renal function with consequent alterations in fluid regulation, blood pressure control, waste product elimination, and metabolic alterations. CKD may progress, more or less rapidly, to end stages.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

The final stage of CKD, also known as terminal uremia. Residual renal function is not anymore sufficient to control the body homeostasis so that patients need to start in due course chronic hemodialysis treatment or be transplanted.

Hemodialysis (HD)

Chronic or acute therapy for replacing renal function. ESKD patients usually undergo chronic hemodialysis thrice a week. Each HD session lasts 3.5–4 h. During the HD session, fluid and electrolyte excess and waste products are removed from the blood circulation.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)

Alternative technique to hemodialysis consisting in using the patient’s own peritoneal membrane as an exchange surface for balancing fluid, electrolyte, and waste homeostasis. The peritoneal cavity is accessed via a permanent catheter placed in the patient’s abdomen that is linked to an external machine. Exchanges are induced and regulated according to diffusion and convection principles by fluid bags with established content.

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Coppolino, G., Simeoni, M., Rivoli, L., Summaria, C., Bolignano, D. (2015). Kidney and Neoplastic Disease: Overview with a Particular Interest to Interpretation of Cancer Biomarkers. In: Patel, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Kidney Disease. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7743-9_13-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7743-9_13-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7743-9

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