Disorders of Childhood and Treatments

Abstract

Disorders of childhood are either inherited or acquired. These are acquired from parents or due to external influences after birth. There are six types of disorders in early childhood. There has been an active effort to integrate developmental phases (paruvams) with the disorders of childhood. This is unique to the Siddha system. Clinical manifestations are extensively described. The treatments consist of herbal and clinical products along with tantrik rituals.

The erratum of this chapter can be found under DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2428-0_23

An erratum to this chapter can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2428-0_23

Appendix: Plants and Other Materials Used in Siddha Medicine (from Subbarayappa 2001)

Plants used in siddha medicine

Name of the plant	Botanical name
Akasagarudan	Corallocarpus epigaeus Benth.
Aal	Ficus bengalensis Linn.
Ali	Linum usitatissimum Linn.
Ammanpacharisi	Euphorbia hirta Linn.
Amukkara	Withania somnifera Dunal
Avarai	Cassia auriculata Linn.
Avuri	Indigofera tinctoria Linn.
Alingi	Alangium salvifolium Linn.
Sembaruthi	Gossypium arboreum Linn.
Sevalli	Rubia cordifolia Linn.
Citramula	Plumbago indica Linn.
Devadaru	Plumbago zeylanica Linn. or Cedrus deodara Roxb.
Lavangapattai	Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume.
Yetti	Strychnos nux-vomica Linn.
Impural	Oldenlandia umbellata Linn.
Satikai	Myristica fragrans Houtt.
Satipattiri	Myristica fragrans
Kadugu	Brassica nigra Linn Koch.
Kammaruvetrilai	Piper betle Linn.
Gantubharangi	Pymacopremma herbacea Moldenke
Karandai	Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.
Karisalai	Eclipta prostrata Roxb.
Karkatakasringi	Rhus succedanea Linn.
Karbogarisi	Psoralea Corylifolia Linn.
Karunjirakam	Nigella sativa or Carum copticum Linn.
Karungali	Acacia catechu Willd.
Kasakasa	Papaver somniferum Linn.
Kattatti	Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.
Kattumilagu	Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham.
Kalarchi	Caesalpinia crista Linn.
Karambu	Syzygium aromaticum Merr.
Koraikilangu	Cyperus rotundus Linn.
Gorocanal	Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.
Kudasapalai	Crocus sativus Linn.
Kumkum pu	Abrus precatorius Linn.
Kunri	Coleus vettiveroides K.C. Jacob.
Kuruver	Mimusops elengi Linn.
Magilampu	Gisekia pharnaceoides Linn.
Manalikirai	Curcuma LongaLinn.
Manjal	Rubia tinctorum Linn.
Manjatti	Berberis aristata DC.
Maramanjal	Coscinium fenestratum Gert.
Marukarai	Randia dumetorum Lam.
Marudam	Terminalia arjuna W. & A.
Marudonri	Lawsonia inermis Linn.
Milagaranai	Toddelia asia Lam.
Musambaram	Aloe barbadensis Mill.
Nannari	Hemidesmus indicus R. Br.
Niradimuttu	hydnocarpus kurzii King Warp.
Nirmulli	Asteracantha longifolia Nees.
Nelpori	Oryza sativa Linn.
Nilakumil	Gmelina asiatica Linn.
Nilavagai	Cassia angustifolia VahL
Nilavembu	Andrographis paniculata Nees.
Nilavila	Feronia limonia Linn. Swingle
Odiyam	Lannea grandis Tennst. Engl.
Palasu	Butea monosperma Lam O.Ktz.
Panivellam	Borassus flabelliformis Linn.
Parpatakam	Mollugo cerviana Ser.
Peikumatti	Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.
Peipirku	Luffa acutangula Linn Roxb.
Peipudal	Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn.
Peramutti	Pavonia odorata Willd.
Perungayam	Ferula foetida Boiss
Piramival ukkai	Bacopa monnieri Linn Pennell
Ponnangani	Alternanthera sessilis Linn.
Punaikali	Mucuna pruiiens Hook.
Potralaikaiyan	Wedelia calendulacea Less.
Pulinaralai	Cissus setosa Roxb.
Puliyarai	Oxalis cormiculata Linn.
Sankan	Azima tetracantha Lam.
Sarakonrai	Cassia fistula Lam.
Sarakonrai	Glinus lotoides Linn.
Siruseruppadai	Gymnema sylyestres R. Br.
Sirukurinjan	Mesua ferrea Linn.
Sirunagapu	Dillenia pentagyna Roxb.
Sirunerunjil	Tribulus terrestris Linn.
Sirutekku	Clerodendrum serratum Linn.
Sivanarvernbu	Indigofera aspalathoides Vahl. ex. DC.
Talisapattri	Taxus baccata Linn.
Tetrankottai	Strychnos potatorum Linn.
Tuduvalai	Solanum trilobatum Linn.
Uddamani	Porgularia excelsa N.E. Br.
Umattarn	Datura metel Linn.
Vayuvilangam	Embelia ribes Burm.f
Vailarai	Centella asiatica Urban
Vembu	Acorus calamus Linn.
Vellilodirarn	Symplocos spicata Roxb.
Vembu	Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
Venkadugu	Brassica alba Boiss.
Vetrilai	Piper betle Linn.
Vetpalarisi	Wrightia tinctoria R. Br.
Vettiver	Vetiveria zizanioides Linn Nash.
Vilangai	Feronia limonia Linn Swingle
Vilvam	Aegle marmelos Correa
Viludi	Cadaba ferino Forsk
Elarisi	Elettaria cardamomum Maton.
Yanaitippili	Piper retrofractum Vahl.
Yellu	Sesamum indicum Linn.
Yerukku	Calotropis gigantea R. Br.

Metals, minerals, salts and animal products used in siddha medicine

Ulogam (metals)
Ayam	Iron
Karu Vangam	Lead
Kantham	Lodestone (magnetic oxide of iron)
Chembu	Copper
Nagam	Zinc
Tangam	Gold
Mandiiram	Dross iron
Velvangan	Tin
Velli	Silver
Panca Sootam (mercury and its compounds)
Erasam	Mercury
Erasa Cenduram	Red oxide of mercury
Elingam	Cinnabar (red sulphide of mercury)
Puram	Calomel (mercurous chloride)
Viram	Corrosive sublimate of mercury or mercuric chloride
Patanangal (sulphides)
Anianakkal	Stibnite (antimony sulphide)
Gandakam	Sulphur
Goauri	Arsenic pentasulphide
Talakarn	Yellow orpiment (arsenic trisulphide)
Manosilai	Red orpiment (arsenic disulphide)
Mirudara singi	Litharge or massicot (lead monoxide)
Vellaippachanam	White arsenic (Arsenic trioxide)
Karasaram	–
Induppu	Rock salt
Yevatcaram	Potassium carbonate (crude)
Kadal nurai	–
Kalluppu	Common salt
Kariyuppu	–
Satthyccararn	–
Padikaram	Alum
Cudan	Camphor
Navacaram	Sal ammoniac or ammonium chloride
Pachai Karpurarn	Borneo camphor
Bidalavanarri/Kampu	Salt/black salt
Piiniru	Dhobi’s earth similar to Fuller’s Earth
Ambar	Amber gragea
Valayaluppu	–
Venkaram	Borax or sodium biborate
Vediyuppu	Saltpetre or potassium nitrate
Attuppu	–
Navamani	nine gems
Gomedhakam	Zircon
Nelamani	Saphite
Pavalham	Coral
Pushparagam	Topaz
Markatam	Emerald
Mannikkam	Ruby
Muttu	Pearl
Vaiduriyam	Lapis lazuli
Vairam	Diamond
Uparasam
Appirakam or Vellai	Muscovite (white mica)
Karuppu	Biotite (black mica)
Annabhedi	Green vitriol or ferrous sulphate
Karupura Silasattu	Bitumen
Kalmar nattu	Asbestos
Kalcunnam	Limestone or calcium carbonate or oxide
Kadikkaram	Silver nitrate
Kavikkal	Red ochre; also silicate of alumina
Komotira Silasattu	Bituminous
Cenkal	Brick(s)
Turusumayil thutham	Blue Vitriol or copper sulphate
Yandukkal	A kind of fossil
Nimilai	Copper pyrites
Palthutham	Calamine or zinc sulphate
Animal products	–
Aamai	Tortoise
Mayiliragu	Peacock feathers
Mandaiodu	Skull
Kasturi	Musk
Kilinghil	Shell (fresh water)
Kombarakku	Lac
Mankombu	Antlers of deer
Gorocanam	Gorojanam
Kozhi	Domestic hen
Sankh	Conch shell
Sanarn	Dung
Gomutram	Cow’s urine
Taen	Honey
Natthai	Fresh water snail; apple snail
Palakarai	Cowrie shells
Panri	Pig
Pambu	Cobra
Pal	Milk and milk products
Picchi	Gall bladder
Punugu	Civet
Punagam	Earth worm
Mayil	Peacock, pea-hen or pea-fowl
Mutthucchippi	Pearl oyster shell
Thaen mezhugu	Bees wax
Udumbu	Monitor Lizard
Yaanai	Elephant