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The physical attractiveness of front-runners and electoral success

Physische Attraktivität von Spitzenkandidaten und Wahlerfolg

An empirical analysis of the 2004 European Parliament elections

Eine empirische Analyse der Europawahl 2004

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Europa, europäische Integration und Eurokrise

Abstract

Past research has impressively shown that the physical attractiveness of politicians influences their electoral success. A large part of the existing literature analyses single-member constituencies in parliamentary elections, presidential elections and open lists in proportional representation systems. In contrast, relatively little is known about the effects of the physical attractiveness of front-runners in multiple member constituencies. This paper fills the research gap. Taking the 2004 European Parliament elections as an example, it analyses the influence of frontrunners’ physical attractiveness on the electoral success of their respective parties and combined lists. Voter behaviour is captured by real-life election results in the 64 constituencies of the 2004 European Parliament elections. The attractiveness of the front-runners is estimated according to the Truth-of-Consensus Method. Twentyfour students were shown portrait photographs of the candidates and were asked to rate each candidate’s attractiveness. The attractiveness score of a candidate is then computed by averaging the different ratings he or she has received. Multilevel analyses show that front-runners’ attractiveness substantially influences election results.

Zusammenfassung

Frühere Studien haben bereits auf beeindruckende Weise gezeigt, dass die physische Attraktivität von Politikern ihren Wahlerfolg beeinflusst. Ein Großteil der verfügbaren Arbeiten untersucht dabei Einerwahlkreise bei Parlamentswahlen, Wahlen nach präsidentieller Wahllogik und offene Listen bei proportionalen Verhältniswahlen. Relativ wenig ist hingegen über den Einfluss der physischen Attraktivität von Spitzenkandidaten in Mehrpersonenwahlkreisen bekannt. Dieser Beitrag schließt diese Lücke. Am Beispiel der Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament 2004 analysiert er den Einfluss der physischen Attraktivität der Spitzenkandidaten auf den Erfolg ihrer jeweiligen Parteien bzw. Listenverbindungen. Das Wahlverhalten wird dabei über die Wahlergebnisse in den 64 Wahlkreisen der Europäischen Parlamentswahl 2004 abgebildet. Die Attraktivität der Spitzenkandidaten wird anhand der Truth of Consensus-Methode approximiert. 24 Studierenden wurden dazu Portraitfotographien der Kandidaten mit der Aufforderung vorgelegt, die Attraktivität der abgebildeten Personen anhand einer Skala zu bewerten. Der Attraktivitätsscore der Kandidaten ist der Durchschnittswert der erreichten Attraktivitätsurteile. Mittels Mehrebenenanalysen wird nachgewiesen, dass die Attraktivität der Spitzenkandidaten substantiell das Wahlergebnis beeinflusst.

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Rosar, U., Klein, M. (2014). The physical attractiveness of front-runners and electoral success. In: Steinbrecher, M., Bytzek, E., Rosar, U., Roßteutscher, S. (eds) Europa, europäische Integration und Eurokrise. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft Comparative Governance and Politics. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05382-6_10

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