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Textbook of Aging Skin pp 1–20Cite as

Changes in the Composition of the Cornified Envelope During Skin Aging: A Calcium Centric Point of View

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Abstract

Aging is a complex process that involves a variety of very different factors. Although oxidative stress plays a major role in skin aging, there are many more factors contributing to aging in the skin. In the epidermis, the cornified envelope an extremely complex protein–lipid network provides the barrier function of our skin. It has therefore a crucial function in protecting our body against many hazardous influences from the environment. During aging, the composition of the cornified envelope changes dramatically due to altered expression patterns of genes coding for major components of the cornified envelope. Accordingly, the barrier function of the skin is reduced, leading to an increased susceptibility to mechanical insults. An increased epidermal water loss is prevented by increasing the thickness of the stratum corneum. Many of these genes are calcium regulated. In young epidermis, there exists a calcium gradient showing a peak in the stratum granulosum. This calcium gradient collapses during aging providing an explanation for the altered gene expression patterns. The reason for the collapse of the calcium gradient is however not known presently and needs further investigation. A rebuilding of the cornified envelope is not specific for aging but can also be observed in. Epidermolysis bullosa, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, lamellar ichthyosis, ichthyosis vulgaris, bathing suit ichthyosis, Netherton syndrome and loricrin keratoderma

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    1. Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

      Maria Karolin Streubel, Mark Rinnerthaler, Johannes Bischof & Klaus Richter

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    1. Maria Karolin Streubel
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    1. Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

      Miranda A. Farage

    2. Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

      Kenneth W. Miller

    3. Department Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA

      Howard I. Maibach

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    Streubel, M.K., Rinnerthaler, M., Bischof, J., Richter, K. (2015). Changes in the Composition of the Cornified Envelope During Skin Aging: A Calcium Centric Point of View. In: Farage, M., Miller, K., Maibach, H. (eds) Textbook of Aging Skin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27814-3_112-1

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