Abstract
The dominant mobile air conditioning refrigerant has come under scrutiny recently due to its high global warming potential. Legislated regulations have dictated that an alternative must be found at least for the European automotive market. Leading contenders in the synthetic sphere appear to be the drop-in replacements R152a and the more recently developed HFO-1234yf. Both of these potential R134a replacements have some flammability concerns but cause no ozone depletion (neither does R134a) and a significantly reduced global warming potential in comparison to R134a. This paper examines the in-vehicle testing of the refrigerants as confirmation for the extensive laboratory testing of the cooling performance and the coefficient of performance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
ASHRAE: Handbook Fundamentals, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, Georgia (2009)
Bryson, M., Dixon, C., StHill, S.: Testing of HFO-1234yf and R152a as mobile air conditioning refrigerant replacements. Ecolibrium, 30–38 (May 2011)
EPA: 40 CFR Part 82 Protection of the Stratospheric Ozone: Alternatives for the Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning Sector Under the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program (2008), http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2008-06-12/pdf/E8-13086.pdf (viewed February 4, 2009)
EPA: Transitioning to low-GWP alternatives in domestic refrigeration; and other sectors. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC (2010), http://www.epa.gov/ozone/intpol/mpagreement.html (viewed February 6, 2011)
EPA: 40 CFR Part 82 Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: New Substitute in the Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning Sector Under the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program; Final Rule (2011), http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2011/pdf/2011-6268.pdf (viewed May 5, 2011)
EU: Directive 2006/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union, May 17 (2006), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:161:0012:0018:en:PDF (viewed September 23, 2008)
General Motors: GM First to Market Greenhouse Gas-Friendly Air Conditioning Refrigerant in U.S., GM Media Release (2010), http://media.gm.com/content/media/us/en/news/news_detail.brand_gm.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2010/July/0723_refrigerant (viewed September 24, 2010)
Gourdon, S.: MAC Summit: Are we ready for 2011? In: MAC Summit 2006, Saalfelden, Austria, February 17 (2006)
Gschrey, B., Schwarz, W., Elsner, C., Engelhardt, R.: High increase of global F-gas emissions until 2050. Greenhouse Gas Measurement & Management 1, 85–92 (2011)
Honeywell: Honeywell’s Low-Global-Warming Refrigerant for Vehicles Approved For Import, Use by Japan Regulators. Honeywell (2009), http://www.1234facts.com/pdf/1234yf%20Japan%20Approval%20Press%20Release%208-4-09%20Final.pdf (viewed September 23, 2009)
Honeywell: Solstice yf Refrigerant - The Next-Generation Refrigerant for Automotive Air Conditioning (2011), http://www.1234facts.com/pdf/Solstice_yf_MAC_EN_BR_11_lo.pdf (viewed December 5, 2011)
IPCC: Climate change 2001: The scientific basis, in contribution of working group I to the IPCC third assessment report of the international panel on climate change of the WMO and UNEP. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)
IPCC: Climate change 2007: The scientific basis, in contribution of working group I to the IPCC fourth assessment report of the international panel on climate change, p. 212. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2007)
IPCC: Special report on emissions scenarios. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)
Minor, B.: HFO-1234yf Low GWP for MAC Applications, Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership Meeting, Washington DC, USA, December 9 (2008)
Nielsen, O.J., Javadi, M.S., Sulbaek Andersen, M.P., Hurley, M.D., Wallington, T.J., Singh, R.: Atmospheric chemistry of CF3CF=CH2: Kinetics and mechanisms of gas-phase reactions with CI atoms, OH radicals, and O3. Chemical Physics Letters 439, 18–22 (2007)
TEAP: Supplement to the IPCC/TEAP report, UNEP, Nairobi (2005)
Thundiyil, K.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Update on EPA SNAP Regulations. In: 2008 SAE Alternate Refrigerant Systems Symposium, Scottsdale, Arizona (2008)
UNEP: HFCs: A Critical Link in Protecting Climate and the Ozone Layer. UNEP (2011) , http://www.unep.org/dewa/Portals/67/pdf/HFC_report.pdf (viewed Novebmer 30, 2011)
Velders, G.J.M., Fahey, D.W., Daniel, J.S., McFarland, M., Andersen, S.O.: The large contribution of projected HFC emissions to future climate forcing. Proceedings of the National Accedemy of Science 106, 10949–10954 (2009)
Vainio, M.: European regulation of mobile air conditioning and global implications. In: VDA Winter Meeting 2006, Saalfelden, Austria (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bryson, M., Dixon, C., Hill, S.S. (2012). New Mobile Air Conditioning Fluid HFO-1234YF – In Car Performance. In: Subic, A., Wellnitz, J., Leary, M., Koopmans, L. (eds) Sustainable Automotive Technologies 2012. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24145-1_47
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24145-1_47
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-24144-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-24145-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)