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The Role of MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications for Early Detection and Treatment

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Regulatory RNAs

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that can posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression in development, differentiation, and in response to various stimuli. Numerous miRNAs are very specifically expressed within the central nervous system suggesting they regulate important brain functions. MiRNAs are also required for the postmitotic survival of neurons, strongly suggesting a crucial role in survival and neuroprotection. The fact that diverse arrays of miRNAs have been reported to be dysregulated in several neurodegenerative diseases implies that they can contribute to pathogenesis. As a group, the global burden of neurodegenerative disease is huge and includes conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, for which the numbers are steadily rising with the aging population, as well as communicable diseases caused by prions that are of public health concern. As yet, no drugs to halt or even delay the progression of these diseases are available, and this is a huge focus of global research. The best time for therapeutic intervention would be before significant memory loss and tissue destruction occurs such that interventions to boost cell repair and to promote neuroprotective mechanisms could provide significant health benefits. MicroRNA research promises to further elucidate the pathways, genes, and proteins that contribute to the neurodegenerative process that may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, given the evidence of the neuroprotective properties of some miRNAs, these small RNA species may themselves be the focus for drug development. Here, we review recent studies that imply a link between miRNA function and neurodegeneration plus discuss how increased knowledge of miRNAs may be used in diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Stephanie A. Booth

  2. Molecular PathoBiology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Center for Human and Animal Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Stephanie A. Booth

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  1. Anna Majer
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  2. Amrit S. Boese
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  3. Stephanie A. Booth
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Correspondence to Stephanie A. Booth .

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  1. , New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, New Scotland Avenue 120, New York, 12208, New York, USA

    Bibekanand Mallick

  2. A.J.C. Bose Centenary Building, P-1/12, CIT Scheme - VII M, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India

    Zhumur Ghosh

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Majer, A., Boese, A.S., Booth, S.A. (2012). The Role of MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications for Early Detection and Treatment. In: Mallick, B., Ghosh, Z. (eds) Regulatory RNAs. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22517-8_18

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