Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Neuropeptide Y and Related Peptides pp 447–478Cite as

Transgenic and Knockout Models in NPY Research

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 162))

Abstract

The neuropeptide Y system consists of three peptide precursor genes encoding neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and at least five receptor genes encoding the Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5 and y6 receptor making it complex to work with. In the past, delineating the function of the NPY system relied mainly on pharmacological approaches using modified peptide ligands and a few synthetic molecules. However, interpretation of the results was difficult due to the poor knowledge of the in vivo selectivity and the distinct metabolic or pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds used. One can never be sure that ligands which are highly selective in in vitro systems, demonstrated by their binding properties on brain tissue or recombinant receptor preparations, do not crossreact with other known or yet unidentified receptors in vivo. Furthermore, their action can vary strongly depending on the dose, the site and the mode (acute versus chronic) of administration of the compound. This leaves unanswered many questions regarding the functional contributions of the different Y receptors to a variety of important physiological processes. Modern molecular biology technologies such as the generation of transgenic or gene-targeted rodent models offer valid alternatives to these pharmacological approaches. Over recent years studies describing the overexpression of NPY in transgenic mice and rat models as well as the inactivation of the NPY, Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 gene by homologous recombination have been published. The analysis of the phenotypes of all these animal models has revealed significant and distinct roles of each gene in modulating feeding behavior, fertility, seizure susceptibility, pain perception, cardiovascular function and emotional behaviors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abdulla FA, PA Smith (1999) Nerve injury increases an excitatory action of neuropeptide Y and Y2-agonists on dorsal root ganglion neurons, Neuroscience 89:43–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aubert ML, Pierroz DD, Gruaz NM, d’Alleves V, Vuagnat BA, Pralong FP, Blum WF, Sizonenko PC (1998) Metabolic control of sexual function and growth: role of neuropeptide Y and leptin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 140:107–13

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baldock PA, Sainsbury A, Couzens M, Enriquez RF, Ghomas GP, Gardiner EM, Herzog H (2002) Hypothalamic Y2 receptors regulate bone formation. J Clin Invest 109: 915–921

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ball H, Shine J, Herzog H (1995) Multiple promoters regulate tissue-specific expression of the human NPY-Y1 receptor gene. J Biol Chem 270: 27272–27276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bannon AW, Seda J, Carmouche M, Francis JM, Norman MH, Karbon B, McCaleb ML (2000) Behavioral characterization of neuropeptide Y knockout mice. Brain Res 868:79–87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batterham RL, Cowley MA, Small CJ, Herzog H, Cohen MA, Dakin CL, Wren AM, Brynes AE, Low MJ, Ghatei MA, Cone RD, Bloom SR (2002) Gut hormone PYY3-36 physiologically inhibits food intake. Nature 418:650–654

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blomqvist AG, Herzog H (1997) Y-receptor subtypes-how many more? Trends Neurosci 20:294–298

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broqua P, Wettstein JP, Rocher MN, Gauthier-Martin B, Junien JL (1995) Behavioral effects of neuropeptide Y receptor agonists in the elevated plus-maze and fear-potentiated startel procedure. Behav Pharmacol 6:215–222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caprio M, Fabbrini E, Isidori AM, Aversa A, Fabbri A (2001) Leptin in reproduction. Trends Endocrinol Metab 12:65–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr LG, Foroud T, Bice P, Gobbett T, Ivashina J, Edenberg H, Lumeng L, Li TK (1998) A quantitative trait locus for alcohol consumption in selectively bred rat lines. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res 22: 884–887

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chehab FF, Lim ME, Lu R (1996) Correction of the sterility defect in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant leptin. Nature Genet 12: 318–320

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colmers WF, Bleakman D (1994) Effects of neuropeptide Y on the electrial properties of neurons. Trends Neurosci 17: 373–379

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ducy P, Amling M, Takeda S, Priemel M, Schilling AF, Beil FT, Shen J, Vinson C, Rueger JM, Karsenty G (2000) Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass. Cell 100:197–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dumont Y, Jacques D, St-Pierre JA, Quirion R (1997) Neuropeptide Y receptor types in the mammalian brain: species differences and status in the human central nervous system. In: Grundemar L, Bloom SR (eds) Neuropeptide Y. Academic Press, London, pp 57–86

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dumont Y, Jacques D, St-Pierre JA, Tong Y, Parker R, Herzog H, Quirion R (2000) Neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide receptor proteins and mRNAs in mammalian brain. In: Quirion R, Bjorklund A, Hokfelt T (eds) Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy. Elsevier, London, pp 375–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Erickson JC, Clegg KE, Palmiter RD (1996a) Sensitivity to leptin and susceptibility to seizures of mice lacking neuropeptide Y. Nature 381:415–418

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson JC, Hollopeter G, Palmiter RD (1996b) Attenuation of the obesity syndrome of ob/ob mice by the loss of neuropeptide Y. Science 274:1704–1707

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flood JF, Baker ML, Hernandez EN, Morley JE (1989) Modulation of memory processing by neuropeptide Y varies with brain injection site. Brain Res 503:73–82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerald C, Walker MW, Criscione L, Gustafson EL, Batzl-Hartmann C, Smith KE, Vaysse P, Durkin MM, Laz TM, Linemeyer DL, Schaffhauser AO, Whitebread S, Hofbauer KG, Taber RI, Branchek TA, Weinshank RL (1996) A receptor subtype involved in neuropeptide-Y-induced food intake. Nature 382:168–171

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo H, Castro PA, Palmiter RD, Baraban SC (2002) Y5 receptors mediate neuropeptide Y actions at excitatory synapses in area CA3 of the mouse hippocampus. J Neurophysiol 87:558–566

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heilig M (1993) Neuropeptide Y in relation to behavior and psychiatric disorders. In: Colmers WF, Wahlestedt C (eds) The biology of neuropeptide Y and related peptides. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 511–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Herzog H, Baumgartner M, Vivero C, Selbie LA, Auer B, Shine J (1992) Genomic organisation, localisation and allelic differences in the gene for the human neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor. J Biol Chem 268:6703–6707

    Google Scholar 

  • Herzog H, Darby K, Ball H, Hort Y, Beck-Sickinger A, Shine J (1997) Overlapping gene structure of the human neuropeptide Y receptor subtypes Y1 and Y5 suggests coordinate transcriptional regulation. Genomics 41:315–319

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hokfelt T, Broberger C, Zhang X, Diez M, Kopp J, Xu Z, Landry M, Bao L, Schalling M, Koistinaho J, DeArmond SJ, Prusiner S, Gong J, Walsh JH (1998) Neuropeptide Y: some viewpoints on a multifaceted peptide in the normal and diseased nervous system. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 26:154–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollopeter G, Erickson JC, Palmiter RD (1998) Role of neuropeptide Y in diet-, chemical-and genetic-induced obesity of mice. Int J Obesity 22:506–512

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell OW, Scharfman HE, Beck-Sickinger AG, Herzog H, Gray WP (2003) Neuropeptide Y is neuroproliferative in primary hippocampal cultures. Journal of Neurochemistry 86:646–659

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inui A, Okita M, Nakajima M, Momose K, Ueno N, Teranishi A, Miura M, Hirosue Y, Sano K, Sato M, Watanabe M, Sakai T, Watanabe T, Ishida K, Silver J, Baba S, Kasuga M (1998) Anxiety-like behavior in transgenic mice with brain expression of neuropeptide Y. Proc Assn Am Physicianc 110:171–182

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain MR, Pu S, Kalra PS, Kalra SP (1999) Evidence that stimulation of two modalities of pituitary luteinizing hormone release in ovarian steroid-primed ovariectomized rats may involve neuropeptide Y Y1 and Y4 receptors. Endocrinology 140:5171–5177

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaga T, Inui A, Okita M, Asakawa A, Ueno N, Kasuga M, Fujimiya M, Nishimura N, Dobashi R, Morimoto Y, Liu I, Cheng J (2001) Modest overexpression of neuropeptide Y in the brain leads to obesity after high-sucrose feeding. Diabetes 50:1206–1210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katsuura G, Asakawa A, Inui A (2002) Roles of pancreatic polypeptide in regulation of food intake, Peptides 23:323–329

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King PJ, Williams G, Doods H, Widdowson PS (2000) Effect of a selective neuropeptide Y Y(2) receptor antagonist, BIIE0246 on neuropeptide Y release. Eur J Pharmacol 396:R1–R3

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klapstein GJ, Colmers WF (1997) Neuropeptide Y suppresses epileptiform activity in rat hippocampus in vitro. J Neurophysiol 78: 1651–1661

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krysiak R, Obuchowicz E, Herman ZS (1999) Interactions between the neuropeptide Y system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Eur J Endocrinol 140: 130–136

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kushi A, Sasai H, Koizumi H, Takeda N, Yokoyama M, Nakamura M (1998) Obesity and mild hyperinsulinemia found in neuropeptide Y-Y1eceptor-deflcient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:15659–15664

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leibowitz SF, Alexander JT (1991) Analysis of neuropeptide Y-induced feeding: dissociation of Y1 and Y2 receptor effects on natural meal patterns. Peptides 12: 1251–1260

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li XJ, Wu YN, North RA, Forte M, Source J (1992) Cloning, functional expression, and developmental regulation of a neuropeptide Y receptor from Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Chem 267:9–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg JM, Terenius LU, Hokfelt T, Goldstein M (1983) High levels of neuropeptide Y in peripheral noradrenergic neurons in various mamals including man. Neurosci Lett 42:167–172

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh DJ, Baraban SC, Hollopeter G, Palmiter RD (1999) Role of the Y5 neuropeptide Y receptor in limbic seizures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:13518–13523

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh DJ, Hollopeter G, Kafer KE, Palmiter RD (1998) Role of the Y5 neuropeptide Y receptor in feeding and obesity. Nature Med 4:718–721

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michalkiewicz M, Michalkiewicz T (2000) Developing transgenic neuropeptide Y rats. Methods Mol Biol 153:73–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michalkiewicz M, Michalkiewicz T, Kreulen DL, McDougall SJ (2001) Increased blood pressure responses in neuropeptide Y transgenic rats. Am J Physiol-Regul Integrative Comp Physiol 281:R417–R426.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakajima M, Inui A, Asakawa A, Momose K, Ueno N, Teranishi A, Baba S, Kasuga M (1998) Neuropeptide Y alters sedation through a hypothalamic Y1-mediated mechanism. Peptides 19:359–363

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naveilhan P, Canals J, Valjakka A, Vartiainen J, Arenas E, Ernfors P (2001a) Neuropeptide Y alters sedation through a hypothalamic Y1-mediated mechanism. Eur J Neurosci 13:2241–2246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naveilhan P, Canals JM, Arenas E, Ernfors P (2001b) Distinct roles of the Y1 and Y2 receptors on neuropeptide Y-induced sensitization to sedation. J Neurochem 78:1201–1207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naveilhan P, Hassani H, Canals JM, Ekstrand AJ, Larefalk A, Chhajlani V, Arenas E, Gedda K, Svensson L, Thoren P, Ernfors P (1999) Normal feeding behavior, body weight and leptin response require the neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor. Nature Med 5:1188–1193

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naveilhan P, Hassani H, Lucas G, Blakeman KH, Hao JX, Xu XJ, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z, Thoren P, Ernfors P (2001c) Reduced antinociception and plasma extravasation in mice lacking a neuropeptide Y receptor. Nature 409:513–517

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naveilhan P, Svensson L, Nystrom S, Ekstrand AJ, Ernfors P (2002) Attenuation of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia in ob/ob mice by NPY Y2 receptor ablation. Peptides 23:1087–1091

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oberto A, Panzica G, Altruda F, Eva C (2000) Chronic modulation of the GABA(A) receptor complex regulates Y1 receptor gene expression in the medial amygdala of transgenic mice. Neuropharmacology 39:227–234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrazzini T, Seydoux J, Kunstner P, Aubert JF, Grouzmann E, Beermann F, Brunner HR (1998) Cardiovascular response, feeding behavior and locomotor activity in mice lacking the NPY Y1 receptor. Nature Med 4:722–726

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierroz DD, Catzeflis C, Aebi AC, Rivier JE, Aubert ML (1996) Chronic administration of neuropeptide Y into the lateral ventricle inhibits both the pituitary-testicular axis and growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I secretion in intact adult male rats. Endocrinology 137:3–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potter EK (1987) Presynaptic inhibition of cardiac vagal postganglionic nerves by neuropeptide Y. Neurosci Lett 83:101–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pralong FP, Gonzales C, Voirol MJ, Palmiter RD, Brunner HR, Gaillard RC, Seydoux J, Pedrazzini T (2002) The neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor regulates leptin-mediated control of energy homeostasis and reproductive functions. FASEB J 16:712–714

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian S, Chen H, Weingarth D, Trumbauer ME, Novi DE, Guan X, Yu H, Shen Z, Feng Y, Frazier E, Chen A, Camacho RE, Shearman LP, Gopal-Truter S, MacNeil DJ, Van der Ploeg LH, Marsh DJ (2002) Neither agouti-related protein nor neuropeptide Y is critically required for the regulation of energy homeostasis in mice. Mol Cell Biol 22:5027–5035

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raposinho PD, Broqua P, Hayward A, Akinsanya K, Galyean R, Schteingart C, Junien J, Aubert ML (2000) Stimulation of the gonadotropic axis by the neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 antagonist/ Y4 agonist 1229U91 in the male rat. Neuroendocrinology 71:2–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redrobe JP, Dumont Y, Fournier A, Quirion R (2002) The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor subtype mediates NPY-induced antidepressant-like activity in the mouse forced swimming test. Neuropsychopharmacology 26:615–624

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redrobe JP, Dumont Y, Herzog H, Quirion R (2003) Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptors mediate behaviour in two animal models of anxiety: Evidence from Y2 receptor knockout mice. Behav Brain Res 141: 251–255

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redrobe JP, Dumont Y, St-Pierre JA, Quirion R (1999) Multiple receptors for neuropeptide Y in the hippocampus: putative roles in seizures and cognition. Brain Res 848:153–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabatino FD, Collins P, McDonald JK (1990) Investigation of the effects of progesterone on neuropeptide Y-stimulated luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion from the median eminence of ovariectomized and estrogen-treated rats. Neuroendocrinology 52:600–607

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sainsbury A, Baldock PA, Schwarzer C, Ueno N, Enriquez RF, Couzens M, Inui A, Herzog H, Gardiner EM (2003) Synergistic reduction in adiposity and increase in bone mass in Y2 / Y4 receptor double knockout mice. Mol Cell Biol 23: 5225–5233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sainsbury A, Cusin I, Doyle P, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Jeanrenaud B (1996a) Intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y to normal rats increases obese gene expression in white adipose tissue. Diabetologia 39:353–356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sainsbury A, Herzog H (2001) Inhibitory effects of central neuropeptide Y on the somatotropic and gonadotropic axes in male rats are independent of adrenal hormones. Peptides 22:467–471

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sainsbury A, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Grouzmann E, Jeanrenaud B (1996b) Acute intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y stimulates corticosterone output and feeding but not insulin output in normal rats. Neuroendocrinology 63:318–326

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sainsbury A, Schwarzer C, Couzens M, Fitissov S, Furtinger S, Jenkins A, Cox HM, Sperk G, Hokfelt T, Herzog H (2002a) Important role of hypothalamic Y2 receptors in bodyweight regulation revealed in conditional knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:8938–8943

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sainsbury A, Schwarzer C, Couzens M, Herzog H (2002b) Y2 receptor deletion attenuates the type 2 diabetic syndrome of ob/ob mice. Diabetes 51:3420–3427

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sainsbury A, Schwarzer C, Couzens M, Jenkins S, Oakes SR, Ormandy CJ, Herzog H (2002c) Y4 receptor knockout rescues fertility in ob/ob mice. Genes Dev 16:1077–1088

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schenk F, Baron U, Rajewsky K (1995) A ere-transgenic mouse strain for the ubiquitous deletion of loxP-flanked gene segments including deletion in germ cells. Nucleic Acids Res 23:5080–5081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schober DA, Van Abbema AM, Smiley DL, Bruns RF, Gehlert DR (1998) The neuropeptide Y Y1 antagonist, 1229U91, a potent agonist for the human pancreatic polypeptide-preferring (NPY Y4 ) receptor. Peptides 19:537–542

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz MW, Baskin DG, Bukowski TR, Kuijper JL, Foster D, Lasser G, Prunkard DE, Porte DJ, Woods SC, Seeley RJ, Weigle DS (1996) Specificity of leptin action on elevated blood glucose levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in ob/ ob mice. Diabetes 45:531–535

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi T, Zhang X, Berge O, Erickson J, Palmiter R, Hokfelt T (1998) Effect of peripheral axotomy on dorsal root ganglion neuron phenotype and autonomy behaviour in neuropeptide Y-deficient mice. Regul Peptides 75/76:161–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith-White M, Herzog H, Potter E (2002a) Role of neuropeptide Y Y(2) receptors in modulation of cardiac parasympathetic neurotransmission. Regul Peptides 103:105–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith-White MA, Herzog H, Potter EK (2002b) Cardiac function in neuropeptide Y Y4 receptor-knockout mice. Regul Peptides 110:47–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thiele T, Koh M, Pedrazzini T (2002) Voluntary alcohol consumption is controlled via the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor. J Neurosci 22:208–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiele T, Marsh D, Ste Marie L, Bernstein I, Palmiter R (1998) Ethanol consumption and resistance are inversely related to neuropeptide Y levels. Nature 396:366–369

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorsell A, Michalkiewicz M, Dumont Y, Quirion R, Caberlotto L, Rimondini R, Mathe A, Heilig M (2000) Behavioral insensitivity to restraint stress, absent fear suppression of behavior and impaired spatial learning in transgenic rats with hippocampal neuropeptide Y overexpression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:12852–12857

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trivedi P, Yu H, Trumbauer M, Chen H, Van der Ploeg L, Guan X (2001) Differential regulation of neuropeptide Y receptors in the brains of NPY knock-out mice. Peptides 22:395–403

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tschenett A, Singewald N, Carli M, Balducci C, Salchner P, Vezzani A, Herzog H, Sperk G (2003) Reduced anxiety and improved stress coping ability in mice lacking neuropeptide Y-Y2 receptors. Eur J Neurosci 18:143–148

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ueno N, Inui A, Iwamoto M, Kaga T, Asakawa A, Okita M, Fujimiya M, Nakajima Y, Ohmoto Y, Ohnaka M, Nakaya Y, Miyazaki JI, Kasuga M (1999) Decreased food intake and body weight in pancreatic polypeptide-overexpressing mice. Gastroenterology 117:1427–1432

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urban JH, Das I, Levine JE (1996) Steroid modulation of neuropeptide Y-induced luteinizing hormone releasing hormone release from median eminence fragments from male rats. Neuroendocrinology 63:112–119

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vezzani A, Michalkiewicz M, Michalkiewicz T, Moneta D, Ravizza T, Richichi C, Aliprandi M, Mule F, Pirona L, Gobbi M, Schwarzer C, Sperk G (2002) Seizure susceptibility and epileptogenesis are decreased in transgenic rats overexpressing neuropeptide Y. Neuroscience 110:237–243

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vezzani A, Sperk G, Colmers WF (1999) Neuropeptide Y: emerging evidence for a functional role in seizure modulation. Trends Neurosci 22:25–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White DM (1997) Intrathecal neuropeptide Y exacerbates nerve injury-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Brain Res 750:141–146

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Widdowson PS, Wilding JP (2000) Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and its neuroendocrine regulation by leptin. Front Hormone Res 26:71–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu B, Sahu A, Crowley WR, Leranth C, Horvath T, Kalra SP (1993) Role of neuropeptide-Y in episodic luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized rats: an excitatory component and opioid involvement. Endocrinology 133:747–754

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Lundeberg T, Yu L (2000) Involvement of neuropeptide Y and Y1 receptor in antinociception in nucleus raphe magnus of rats. Regul Peptides 95:109–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., 2010 Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    H. Herzog

Authors
  1. H. Herzog
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Afd. Farmacologie & Farmacotherapie, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Martin C. Michel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Herzog, H. (2004). Transgenic and Knockout Models in NPY Research. In: Michel, M.C. (eds) Neuropeptide Y and Related Peptides. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 162. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18764-3_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18764-3_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62282-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18764-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation