Abstract
Like most viral regulatory proteins, HIV-1 Vpr and homologous proteins from primate lentiviruses are small and multifunctional. They are associated with a plethora of effects and functions, including induction of cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase, induction of apoptosis, transactivation, enhancement of the fidelity of reverse transcription, and nuclear import of viral DNA in macrophages and other nondividing cells. This review focuses on the cellular proteins that have been reported to interact with Vpr and their significance with respect to the known functions and effects of Vpr on cells and on viral replication.
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Abbreviations
- ANT:
-
Adenine nucleotide transporter
- APOBEC3:
-
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing, catalytic polypeptide-like
- ATM:
-
Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated
- ATR:
-
ATM and Rad3-related
- Cdc:
-
Cell division cycle
- Cdk:
-
Cyclin-dependent kinase
- Chk1:
-
Checkpoint protein 1
- CREB:
-
Cyclic AMP response element binding protein
- Cul4:
-
Cullin 4
- CypA:
-
Cyclophilin A
- DCAF1:
-
DDB1 and Cul4 associated factor-1
- DDB1:
-
Damaged DNA-binding protein-1
- GADD45α:
-
Growth arrest and DNA damage protein alpha
- GR:
-
Glucocorticoid receptor
- HHR23:
-
Human homolog of Rad23
- HIV:
-
Human immunodeficiency virus
- Hsp70:
-
Heat shock protein 70
- LTR:
-
Long terminal repeat
- MDM:
-
Monocyte-derived macrophages
- NE:
-
Nuclear envelope
- PTPC:
-
Permeability transition pore complex
- Rad23:
-
Radiation-sensitive 23
- Roc1:
-
Ring of cullins
- SAP:
-
Splicing-associated protein
- SIV:
-
Simian immunodeficiency virus
- TFIIB:
-
Transcription factor IIB
- UNG:
-
Uracil-N glycosylase
- Vpr:
-
Viral protein regulatory
- VprBP:
-
Vpr-binding protein
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Acknowledgments
We wish to thank Dr. Andrea Cimarelli (Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France) for helpful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by grant AI49057 from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.A., to V.P.
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Planelles, V., Benichou, S. (2009). Vpr and Its Interactions with Cellular Proteins. In: Spearman, P., Freed, E. (eds) HIV Interactions with Host Cell Proteins. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 339. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02175-6_9
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