Skip to main content

Affect as a Mediator between Web-Store Design and Consumers’ Attitudes toward the Store

  • Chapter
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 4868))

Abstract

We propose a research model that focuses on the role of emotions in HCI in the context of e-retail. Based on the environmental psychology model of Mehrabian and Russell, the model suggests that design characteristics of the Web-store influence the emotional states of visitors to the store’s site, which in turn affect the visitors’ approach/avoidance response towards the store. The proposed model bridges the gaps between traditional and online retail research by demonstrating that HCI concepts such as perceptions of Web site aesthetics and usability constitute a psychological environment that influences the consumers’ affective states.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Barwise, P., Elberse, A., Hammond, K.: Marketing and the Internet. In: Weitz, B., Wensley, R. (eds.) Handbook of Marketing. Sage Publishing, London (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bloch, P.H.: Seeking the ideal form: product design and consumer response. Journal of Marketing 59, 16–29 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kotler, P., Rath, A.G.: Design a powerful but neglected strategic tool. Journal of Business Strategy 5, 16–21 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Whitney, D.E.: Manufacturing by design. In: Harvard Business Review, July- August, pp. 83–91 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Russo, J.E.: The Value of Unit Price Information. Journal of Marketing Research 14, 193–201 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Levy, M., Weitz, B.A.: Retailing Management, 3rd edn. Irwin/McGraw-Hill, Boston (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hoyer, W.D., MacInnis, D.J.: Consumer Behavior, 2nd edn. Houghton Mifflin, Boston (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Schroeder, J.E.: Visual Consumption. Routledge, London (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Norman, D.A.: Emotion and design: attractive things work better. Interactions, 36–42 (July-August 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tractinsky, N.: Towards the Study of Aesthetics in Information Technology. In: Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), Washington, DC, December 12-15, pp. 771–780 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Vergo, J., Noronha, S., Kramer, J., Lechner, J., Cofino, T.: E-Commerce Interface Design. In: Jacko, J.A., Sears, A. (eds.) The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Nah, F., Davis, S.A.: HCI Research Issues in Electronic Commerce. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research 3(3), 98–113 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mehrabian, A., Russell, J.A.: An approach to Environmental Psychology. MIT Press, Cambridge (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bagozzi, R.P., Gopinath, M., Nyer, P.U.: The Role of Emotions in Marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 27(2), 184–206 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Isen, A.M.: An influence of positive affect on decision making in complex situations: theoretical issues with practical implications. Journal of Consumer Psychology 11(2), 75–85 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Martineau, P.: The personality of the retail store. Harvard Business Review 36, 47–55 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kotler, P.: Atmosphere as a marketing tool. Journal of Retailing 49(4), 48–64 (1973-1974)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Donovan, R.J., Rossiter, J.R.: Store atmosphere: An experimental psychology approach. Journal of Retailing 58, 34–57 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Nagamachi, M.: Kansei engineering as a powerful consumer-oriented technology for product development. Applied Ergonomics 33(3), 289–294 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Michon, R., Chebat, J.-C., Turley, L.W.: Mall Atmospherics: the Interaction Effects of the Mall Environment on Shopping Behavior. Journal of Business Research 58, 576–583 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Guiry, M., Magi, A.W., Lutz, R.J.: Defining and measuring recreational shopper identity. Journal of academy of Marketing Science 34, 74–83 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Baker, J., Grewal, D., Levy, M.: An Experimental Approach to Making Retail Store Environmental Decisions. Journal of Retailing 68, 445–460 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bitner, M.J.: Servicecapes: The impact of the physical surroundings on customers and employees. Journal of Marketing 56, 57–71 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Darden, W.R., Babin, B.J.: Exploring the concept of affective quality: Expanding the concept of retail personality. Journal of Business Research 29, 101–109 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Spangenberg, E.R., Grohmann, B., Sprott, D.E.: It’s beginning to smell (and sound) a lot like Christmas: the interactive effects of ambient scent and music in a retail setting. Journal of Business Research 58, 1583–1589 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Gardner, M.P.: Does Attitude Toward the Ad Affect Brand Attitude Under a Brand Evaluation Set? Journal of Marketing Research 22, 192–198 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Gardner, M.P., Hill, R.: The Buying Process: Effects Of and On Consumer Mood States. In: Wallendorf, M., Anderson, P. (eds.) Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 14, pp. 408–410. Association for Consumer Research, Ann Arbor (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Grewal, D., Baker, J.: Do retail store environmental factors affect consumers’ price acceptability? An empirical examination. International Journal of Research in Marketing 11, 107–115 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Babin, B.J., Attaway, J.S.: Atmospheric Affect as a Tool for Creating Value and Gaining Share of Customer. Journal of Business Research 49, 91–99 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Dawson, S., Bloch, P.H., Ridgway, N.M.: Shopping Motives, Emotional States and Retail Outcomes. Journal of Retailing 60, 408–427 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Swinyard, W.R.: The Effects of Mood, Involvement, and Quality of Store Experience on Shopping Intensions. Journal of Consumer Research 20, 271–280 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Yoo, C., Jonghee, P., Maclnnis, D.J.: Effects of Store Characteristics and In-Store Emotional Experiences on Store Attitude. Journal of Business Research 42, 253–263 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Kluger, A.N., Rafaeli, A.: Affective Reactions to Physical Appearance. In: Ashkanasy, N., Hartel, C.E.J., Zerbe, W.J. (eds.) Emotions and organizational life, Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Donovan, R.J., Rossister, J.R., Marcoolyn, G., Nesdale, A.: Store Atmosphere and Purchasing Behavior. Journal of Retailing 70(3), 283–294 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Levin, A.M., Levin, I.R., Heath, C.E.: Product Category Dependent Consumer Preferences for Online and Offline Shopping Features and Their Influence on Multi-Channel Retail Alliances. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research 4(3), 85–93 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Tractinsky, N., Rao, V.S.: Social Dimensions of Internet Shopping: Theory-Based Arguments for Web-Store Design. Human Systems Management 20, 105–121 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kim, J., Yoo, B.: Toward the optimal link structure of the cyber shopping mall. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 52, 531–551 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Kim, J., Lee, J., Choi, D.: Designing Emotionally Evocative Homepages: An Empirical Study of the Quantitative Relations between Design Factors And Emotional Dimensions. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 59, 899–940 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Menon, S., Kahn, B.: Cross-category effects of induced arousal and pleasure on the Internet shopping experience. Journal of Retailing 78, 31–40 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Richard, M.-O.: Modeling the impact of internet atmospherics on surfer behavior. Journal of Business Research 58, 1632–1642 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Fiore, A.N., Jin, H.-J., Kim, J.: For fun and profit: Hedonic value from image interactivity and responses toward an online store. Psychology and Marketing 22(8), 669–694 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Mummalaneni, V.: An empirical investigation of Web site characteristics, consumer emotional states and on-line shopping behaviors. Journal of Business Research 58, 526–532 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Spool, J.M., Scanlon, T., Schroeder, W., Snyder, C., DeAngelo, T.: Web Site Usability: A Designer’s Guide. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Nielsen, J.: Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity. New Riders Publishing (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Li, N., Zhang, P.: Toward E-Commerce Website Evaluation and Use: An Affective Perspective. In: Post-ICIS 2005 JAIS Theory Development Workshop, Las Vegas, NV (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Schenkman, B.N., Jonsson, F.U.: Aesthetics and preferences of web pages. Behavior and Information Technology 19(5), 367–377 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. van der Heijden, H.: Factors influencing the usage of websites: the case of a generic portal in the Netherlands. Information and Management 40, 541–549 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Lindgaard, G., Dudek, C.: What Is This Evasive Beast We Call User Satisfaction? Interacting with Computers 15, 429–452 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Gorn, G.J., Chattopadhyay, A., Sengupta, J., Tripathi, S.: Waiting for the Web: How screen color affects time perception. Journal of Marketing Research 41, 215–225 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Lavie, T., Tractinsky, N.: Assessing Dimensions of Perceived Visual Aesthetics of Web Sites. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 60(3), 269–298 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Song, J., Zahedi, F.: A theoretical approach to Web design in e-commerce: A Belief Reinforcement Model. Management Science 51(8), 1219–1235 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Palmer, J.W.: Web Site Usability, Design, and Performance Metrics. Information Systems Research 13(2), 151–167 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Russell, J.A., Mehrabian, A.: Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions. Journal of Research in Personality 11, 273–294 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Russell, J.A., Pratt, G.: A description of the affective quality attributed to environments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38(2), 311–322 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Lichtenstein, A., Oehme, A., Kupschick, S., Jürgensohn, T.: Comparing Two Emotion Models for Deriving Affective States from Physiological Data. In: Peter, C., Beale, R. (eds.) Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction. LNCS, vol. 4868. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Bellizzi, J.A., Hite, R.E.: Environmental Color, Consumer Feelings and Purchase Likelihood. Psychology and Marketing 9, 347–363 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Chebat, J.C., Gelinas-Chebat, C., Vaninski, A., Filiatrault, P.: The Impact of Mood on Time Perception, Memorization, and Acceptance of Waiting. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs 121(4), 411–424 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Sherman, E., Mathur, A., Smith, R.B.: Store Environment and Consumer Purchase Behavior: Mediating Role of Consumer Emotions. Psychology & Marketing 14(4), 361–378 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Turley, L.W., Milliman, R.E.: Atmospherics effects on shopping behavior: a review of the experimental evidence. Journal of Business Research 49, 193–211 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Eroglu, S.A., Machleit, K.A., Davis, L.M.: Empirical Testing of a Model of Online Store Atmospherics and Shopper Responses. Psychology and Marketing 20(2), 139–150 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Huang, M.-H.: Modeling virtual exploratory and shopping dynamics: an environmental psychology approach. Information & Management 41, 39–47 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Lim, Y.-K., Donaldson, J., Jung, H., Kunz, B., Royer, D., Ramalingam, S., Thirumaran, S., Stolterman, E.: Emotional Experience and Interaction Design. In: Peter, C., Beale, R. (eds.) Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction. LNCS, vol. 4868. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Butler, K.A.: Usability engineering turns 10. Interactions 3(1), 59–75 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Davis, F.D.: Perceived usefulness, perceived ease-of-use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 319–340 (September 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Tractinsky, N., Cokhavi, A., Kirschenbaum, M., Sharfi, T.: Evaluating the Consistency of Immediate Aesthetic Perceptions of Web Pages. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 64(11), 1071–1083 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Desmet, P.M.A., Hekkert, P.P.M.: The basis of product emotions. In: Green, W.S., Jordan, P.W. (eds.) Pleasure with Products: Beyond Usability, Taylor and Francis, Abington (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  67. Rafaeli, A., Vilnai-Yavetz, I.: Discerning organizational boundaries through physical artifacts. In: Paulsen, N., Hernes, T. (eds.) Managing Boundaries in Organizations: Multiple Perspectives, Palgrave. Macmillan, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Norman, D.A.: Emotional Design: Why We Love (or Hate) Everyday Things. Basic Books, New York (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  69. Berlyne, D.E.: Aesthetics and Psychobiology. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  70. Zajonc, R.B., Markus, H.: Affective and cognitive factors in preferences. Journal of Consumer Research 9(2), 123–131 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Lindgaard, G., Fernandes, G.J., Dudek, C., Brown, J.: Attention web designers: You have 50 milliseconds to make a good first impression! Behaviour and Information Technology 25(2), 115–126 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Russell, J.A.: Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review 110(1), 145–172 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Green, D.P., Goldman, S.L., Salovey, P.: Measurement error masks bipolarity in affect ratings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64, 1029–1041 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Mehrabian, A.: Framework for a comprehensive description and measurement of emotional states. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs 121, 339–361 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  75. Reisenzein, R.: Pleasure-activation theory and the intensity of emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67, 525–539 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Feldman Barrett, L., Russell, J.A.: Independence and bipolarity in the structure of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74, 967–984 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Yik, M.S.M., Russell, J.A., Feldman Barrett, L.: Structure of self-reported current affect: Integration and Beyond. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77(3), 600–619 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Feldman Barrett, L., Russell, J.A.: Structure of current affect. Current Directions in Psychological Science 8, 10–14 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Brengman, M., Geuens, M.: The four dimensional impact of color on shoppers’ emotions. Working Paper. Ghent University, Belgium (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  80. Brown, J.S.: From cognitive to social ergonomics and beyond. In: Norman, D.A., Draper, S.W. (eds.) User Centered System Design, Lawrence Erlbaum, London (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  81. Shneiderman, B.: Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction, 3rd edn. Addison Wesley Longman Inc., Amsterdam (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  82. Mehrabian, A., Wihardja, C., Ljunggren, E.: Emotional correlates of preferences for situation-activity combinations in everyday life. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs 123, 461–477 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Yalch, R.F., Spangenberg, E.: An Environmental Psychological Study of Foreground and Background Music as Retail Atmospheric Factors. In: Walle, A.W. (ed.) AMA Educators’ Conference Proceedings, vol. 54, pp. 106–110. American Marketing Association, Chicago (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  84. Porat, T., Tractinsky, N.: The effects of perceived web-store characteristics on consumers’ affective states and attitudes towards the store. In: Fifth Conference on Design&Emotion 2006, Gothenburg, Sweden, September 27-29 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  85. Brave, S., Nass, C.: Emotion in human-computer interaction. In: Jacko, J., Sears, A. (eds.) Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  86. Tractinsky, N., Shoval-Katz, A., Ikar, D.: What is beautiful is usable. Interacting with Computers 13, 127–145 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Hartmann, J., Sutcliffe, A., DeAngeli, A.: Investigating attractiveness in web user interfaces. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007, pp. 387–396 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  88. Koufaris, M., Kambil, A., LaBarbera, P.A.: Consumer behavior in Web-based commerce: an empirical study. International Journal of Electronic Commerce 6(2), 115–138 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Christian Peter Russell Beale

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Porat, T., Tractinsky, N. (2008). Affect as a Mediator between Web-Store Design and Consumers’ Attitudes toward the Store. In: Peter, C., Beale, R. (eds) Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4868. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85099-1_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85099-1_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-85098-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-85099-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics