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Specification of Granule Cells and Purkinje Cells

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

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Abstract

Granule cells and Purkinje cells are the major populations of neurons in the cerebellum. Their specification depends on a combination of regional identity and spatiotemporal cues. These are conferred by patterning systems in the early embryo that determine anteroposterior and dorsoventral positional coordinates and an age-dependent signal (or signals) whose nature is obscure. While a number of important questions remain about the nature of cerebellar progenitor pools and their precise boundaries, a variety of fate-mapping and genetic approaches have indicated that both granule cells and Purkinje cells arise from different dorsoventral domains within hindbrain rhombomere 1. Unusually, granule cell precursors undergo a subsequent transit amplification stage regulated by Purkinje cell signals, within a transient superficial germinal layer. Recent evolutionary insights suggest that this phase of Sonic hedgehog-dependent transit amplification is only found in amniotes. Evolutionarily, since secondary proliferation arose independently of granule cell specification, it is likely to be an adaptation purely for post-specification regulation of granule cell numbers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

    Thomas Butts

  2. Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

    Thomas Butts

  3. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK

    Victoria Rook

  4. MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK

    Tristan Varela, Leigh Wilson & Richard J. T. Wingate

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  1. Thomas Butts
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  2. Victoria Rook
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  3. Tristan Varela
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  4. Leigh Wilson
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  5. Richard J. T. Wingate
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas Butts .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Bruxelles, Belgium

    Mario Manto

  2. Scripps Research Institute Dept. Neuropharmacology, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Donna Gruol

  3. Dept. Neurology, Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeremy Schmahmann

  4. Gunma University Dept. Integrative Physiology, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Noriyuki Koibuchi

  5. Dept Pathology & Immunology & Neuro, Baylor College of Medicine Dept Pathology & Immunology & Neuro, Houston, TX, USA

    Roy Sillitoe

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA

    Roy V. Sillitoe

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Butts, T., Rook, V., Varela, T., Wilson, L., Wingate, R.J.T. (2019). Specification of Granule Cells and Purkinje Cells. In: Manto, M., Gruol, D., Schmahmann, J., Koibuchi, N., Sillitoe, R. (eds) Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_6-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_6-2

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97911-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97911-3

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