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Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders pp 1–22Cite as

Modulatory Role of Neuropeptides in the Cerebellum

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Abstract

The initial studies on the existence of neuropeptides in the central nervous system were conducted in the early 1970s. Within the cerebellum approximately 22 neuropeptides have been identified. However, the functional role for many of these different peptides in the cerebellum is largely unknown as their presence and distribution varies between species. Further, to date physiological analysis for many of these peptides has not been carried out to determine the potential importance in cerebellar function. It has been proposed that peptides slowly modulate cerebellar circuits by acting through G protein-coupled receptors in contrast to the fast action of amino acid neurotransmitters that bind to ionotropic receptors. This effect, in turn, could influence the excitable state of an entire neuronal circuit rather than a single neuron. It is not possible to discss all cerbellar peptides in this chapter. The focus will be on two members of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides, namely, corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortin. These peptides were chosen as their presence and distribution has been described in multiple species, and their function has been investigated to a greater extent than any of the other peptides found in the cerebellum. A review of the distribution of these peptides, as well as a discussion of their cognate receptors, is included. Data on the functional role of both peptides is presented. It is clear that complex interactions take place between these peptides and other transmitters in the cerebellum. The physiological data suggest that CRF is essential for normal cerebellar-mediated motor performance. There is less data on the physiological role of urocortin (UCN) in the cerebellum. To date, it has been shown that UCN increases the spontaneous firing rate of Purkinje cells. The mechanisms by which this occurs are yet to be determined. Considering there are many other peptides in the cerebellum, it becomes clear that modulation by these peptides must be seriously considered when analyzing and interpreting physiological data related to cerebellar circuitry. The classic view that only glutamatergic or GABAergic inputs are relevant when describing the effects on firing rate, patterns of activation, output of the cortex, or nuclei no longer is valid. Peptides are an integral component of cerebellar function and must be considered to completely understand cerebellar function.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Georgia A. Bishop & James S. King

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  1. Georgia A. Bishop
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  2. James S. King
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Correspondence to Georgia A. Bishop .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Bruxelles, Belgium

    Mario Manto

  2. Scripps Research Institute Dept. Neuropharmacology, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Donna Gruol

  3. Dept. Neurology, Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeremy Schmahmann

  4. Gunma University Dept. Integrative Physiology, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Noriyuki Koibuchi

  5. Dept Pathology & Immunology & Neuro, Baylor College of Medicine Dept Pathology & Immunology & Neuro, Houston, TX, USA

    Roy Sillitoe

Section Editor information

  1. Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience Department (MIND), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

    Donna L. Gruol

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Bishop, G.A., King, J.S. (2019). Modulatory Role of Neuropeptides in the Cerebellum. In: Manto, M., Gruol, D., Schmahmann, J., Koibuchi, N., Sillitoe, R. (eds) Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_41-2

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