Abstract
This chapter provides a concise and practical introduction to the estimation and modelling of the cost of Additive Manufacturing (AM), which is usually required as a starting point in assessments of commercial viability of the technology. The chapter begins with an overview of cost models in general and specific to AM. This is followed by a step-by-step practical presentation of how such models can be constructed and a discussion of the utility of unit cost functions in breakeven analyses. The chapter also discusses a range of recurring issues in the assessment of the cost performance of AM. These include the capacity utilisation problem, integration with other manufacturing processes, the cost impact of process failure and the requirement to explore the effect of design changes when considering different processes. To provide the reader with some rough, yet readily applicable, information on absolute cost performance, the chapter closes with a presentation of specific cost estimates for a number of AM technology variants and materials.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alexander, P., Allen, S., & Dutta, D. (1998). Part orientation and build cost determination in layered manufacturing. Computer-Aided Design, 30(5), 343–356.
Atzeni, E., & Salmi, A. (2012). Economics of additive manufacturing for end-usable metal parts. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 62(9), 1147–1155.
Baumers, M., Wildman, R., Wallace, M., Yoo, J., Blackwell B., Farr, P., & Roberts, C. (forthcoming). Using total specific cost indices to compare the cost performance of Additive Manufacturing for the medical devices domain. IMECHE part B, Journal of Engineering Manufacture.
Baumers, M., Beltrametti, L., Gasparre, A., & Hague, R. (2017). Informing additive manufacturing technology adoption: Total cost and the impact of capacity utilisation. International Journal of Production Research, 1–14.
Baumers, M., Dickens, P., Tuck, C., & Hague, R. (2016). The cost of additive manufacturing: Machine productivity, economies of scale and technology-push. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 102, 193–201.
Baumers, M., & Holweg, M. (2016b). Cost impact of the risk of build failure in laser sintering. In Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium 2016. University of Texas at Austin.
Baumers, M., Tuck, C., & Hague, R. (2015). Selective heat sintering versus laser sintering: Comparison of deposition rate, process energy consumption and cost performance.
Baumers, M., Tuck, C., Dickens, P., & Hague, R. (2014). How can material jetting systems be upgraded for more efficient multi-material additive manufacturing. In Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium. Texas: The University of Texas at Austin.
Baumers, M., Tuck, C., Wildman, R., Ashcroft, I., Rosamond, E., & Hague, R. (2013). Transparency built-in. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 17(3), 418–431.
Brimson, J. A. (1991). Activity accounting: An activity-based costing approach. New York: Wiley.
Clark, F. D. (1997). Applied cost engineering (3rd ed.). New York: Marcel Dekker.
Curwen, P., & Else, P. (2006). Principles of microeconomics. Routledge.
Di Angelo, L., & Di Stefano, P. (2011). A neural network-based build time estimator for layer manufactured objects. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 57(1), 215–224.
Gibson, I., Rosen, D. W., & Stucker, B. (2010). Additive manufacturing technologies (Vol. 238). New York: Springer.
Grimm, T. A. (2010). Rapid prototyping benchmark: 3D printers—2010 edition. Edgewood, Kentucky: TA Grimm & Associates, Inc.
Hopkinson, N., & Dickens, P. (2003). Analysis of rapid manufacturing—using layer manufacturing processes for production. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 217(1), 31–39.
Niazi, A., Dai, J. S., Balabani, S., & Seneviratne, L. (2006). Product cost estimation: Technique classification and methodology review. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 128(2), 563–575.
Ostwald, P. F. (1992). Engineering Cost Estimating (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Piili, H., Happonen, A., Väistö, T., Venkataramanan, V., Partanen, J., & Salminen, A. (2015). Cost estimation of laser additive manufacturing of stainless steel. Physics Procedia, 78, 388–396.
Ruffo, M., Tuck, C., & Hague, R. (2006). Cost estimation for rapid manufacturing-laser sintering production for low to medium volumes. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 220(9), 1417–1427.
Son, Y. K. (1991). A cost estimation model for advanced manufacturing systems. The International Journal of Production Research, 29(3), 441–452.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Baumers, M., Tuck, C. (2019). Developing an Understanding of the Cost of Additive Manufacturing. In: Pei, E., Monzón, M., Bernard, A. (eds) Additive Manufacturing – Developments in Training and Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76084-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76084-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76083-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-76084-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)