Abstract
Sweden has committed to reducing its domestic greenhouse gases by 85% by 2045, compared with 1990 levels. Due to the challenge of reducing other greenhouse gases, this commitment is regarded as a net zero CO2 emission target. Biomass is today an important part of the Swedish energy supply and has the potential to increase even further, mainly through utilization of forest residues. To explore different net zero emission pathways with an emphasis on where domestic biomass resources could be used most cost-efficiently, we employed the energy system optimisation model TIMES-Sweden. The results of our study show that biomass is used throughout the energy system. Stringent climate targets and district heating encourage the use of waste heat from biofuel production that results in a more resource efficient use of biomass. Finally, the findings also show that a significant reduction of CO2 emission is difficult to achieve for freight transportation and energy-intensive industry without an increased use of forestry residues.
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Acknowledgements
This study forms part of a delivery to the Swedish Government’s Cross-Party Committee on Environmental Objectives and the conclusion from the modelling runs fed into a climate policy framework for Sweden, i.e. SOU 2016:21 and SOU 2016:47. In addition, part of the study has been documented in Swedish (Krook-Riekkola 2016). Financial support from the Swedish Energy Agency is gratefully acknowledged, as are constructive comments on the analysis from Eva Jernbäcker, Karl-Anders Stigzelius, Jonas Forsberg and Erik Furusjö. Any errors remain the sole responsibility of the authors.
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Krook-Riekkola, A., Sandberg, E. (2018). Net-Zero CO2-Emission Pathways for Sweden by Cost-Efficient Use of Forestry Residues. In: Giannakidis, G., Karlsson, K., Labriet, M., Gallachóir, B. (eds) Limiting Global Warming to Well Below 2 °C: Energy System Modelling and Policy Development. Lecture Notes in Energy, vol 64. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74424-7_8
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