Skip to main content

Energy Governance in Denmark

Book cover Handbook of Energy Governance in Europe

Abstract

Historically, Danish energy governance has been characterized by not-for-profit principles, energy security, and energy efficiency, which have guided individual policy instruments. Moreover, many energy companies are owned by municipalities or by the consumers, for example, through cooperatives. Indeed, the municipalities have a strong role in Danish energy governance. However, national energy agencies are important in this multilevel governance structure, especially with increased focus on liberalization and where renewable energies are playing a bigger role in energy production. Indeed, the legacy of wind energy and Denmark’s forerunner position in renewable energies are crucial for Danish energy policies and politics today, especially in relation to the challenges Denmark faces in order to achieve a fully decarbonized economy by 2050. Indeed, there is a national climate change consensus across all areas of society from the electorate, businesses, and all political parties, yet there is no consensus on how to reach a low-carbon economy by 2050, which is evident in the lack of sector integration in, for example, transport. This chapter brings together the legacy of Danish wind energy and multilevel governance to discuss the current challenges facing Danish energy governance relating to decarbonization of the economy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abrahamsen, S., Bahn, M., Andersen, L.S., & Geist, A. (2019). Klimaminister Lars Christian Lilleholt ville flytte Klimarådet væk fra København. Information. 4th January 2019. Accessed 4 Jan 2019. https://www.information.dk/indland/2019/01/klimaminister-lars-christian-lilleholt-flytte-klimaraadet-vaek-koebenhavn

  • Adelle, C., & Russel, D. (2013). Climate policy integration: A case of Déjà vu? Environmental Policy and Governance, 23, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Altman, L. (2018). Debat: Ladestanderne har vi. Nu mangler vi bare elbilerne. Altinget.dk, 13th December 2018. Accessed 13 Dec 2018. https://www.altinget.dk/transport/artikel/groen-transport-lad-os-prioriterer-rigtigt-og-skaffe-flere-elbiler-paa-de-danske-veje

  • Andersen, M. S. (1997). Denmark: The shadow of the ‘green’ majority. In M. S. Andersen & D. Liefferink (Eds.), European environmental policy: The pioneers. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, M. S., & Nielsen, H. Ø. (2016). Denmark: Small state with a big voice and bigger dilemmas. In K. K. W. Würzel, J. Connelly, & D. Liefferink (Eds.), The European Union in international climate change politics: Still taking a Lead? London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnfred, C. E. (2017). Polakker tog livtag med russisk gasledning på Bornholm. Politiken, 2nd September 2017. Accessed 3 Jan 2019. https://politiken.dk/indland/art6091963/Polakker-tog-livtag-med-russisk-gasledning-p%C3%A5-Bornholm

  • Auken, S. (2002). Answers in the wind: How Denmark became a world pioneer in wind power. The Flecher Forum of World Affairs, 26(1), 149–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Börzel, T. A. (2002). Pace-setting, foot-dragging, and fence-sitting: Member state responses to Europeanization. Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(2), 193–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouzarovski, S. (2014). Energy poverty in the European Union: Landscapes of vulnerability. WIREs Energy and Environment, 3, 276–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouzarovski, S., & Konieczny, M. (2011). Landscapes of paradox: Public discourses and policies in Poland’s relationship with the Nord stream pipeline. Geopolitics, 15(1), 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bürgin, A. (2015). National binding renewable energy targets for 2020, but not for 2030 anymore: Why the European Commission developed from a supporter to a brakeman. Journal of European Public Policy, 22(5), 690–707.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Climate Council. (2018a). Flere elbiler på de danske veje Forslag til pejlemærker og virkemidler til elektrificering af personbilerne, 26th September 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Climate Council. (2018b). Status for Danmarks klimamålsætninger og –forpligtelser 2018, 23rd November 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Climate Council. (2018c). Biomassens betydning for grøn omstilling: Klimaperspektiver og anbefalinger til regulering af fast biomasse til energiformål, May 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dansk Energi. (2018). 5 punkterede myter om energikoncerner. Accessed 28 Dec 2018. https://www.danskenergi.dk/sites/danskenergi.dk/files/media/dokumenter/2018-06/5_punkterede_myter_om_energikoncerner.pdf

  • Dyrhauge, H. (2017). Denmark: A wind powered forerunner. In I. Solorio & H. Jörgens (Eds.), A guide to EU renewable energy policy: Comparing Europeanization and domestic policy change in EU member states. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ege, C. (2009). Er Danmark foregangsland? In I. Sohn (Ed.), Dansk klima politik, et globalt udsyn? Rødovre: Sohn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Energinet. (n.d.). Spørgsmål og svar om PSO. Accessed 30 Dec 2018. https://energinet.dk/El/Tariffer/PSO#Hvorfor%20forekommer%20der%20store%20udsving%20i%20PSO-tariffen

  • European Commission. (2014). COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions A policy framework for climate and energy in the period from 2020 up to 2030 SWD(2014) 15 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • Financial Times. (2018). Maersk pledges to cut carbon emissions to zero by 2050. Ft.com, 4th December 2018. Accessed 6 Dec 2018. https://www.ft.com/content/44b8ba50-f7cf-11e8-af46-2022a0b02a6c?desktop=true&segmentId=d8d3e364-5197-20eb-17cf-2437841d178a

  • Fitch-Roy, O. (2016). An offshore wind union? Diversity and convergence in European offshore wind governance. Climate Policy, 16(5), 586–605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geels, F., & Schot, J. (2007). Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways. Research Policy, 36, 399–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gotev, G. (2018). All eyes on Denmark after Sweden awards Nord Stream 2 permit. Euractiv.com, 11th June 2018. Accessed 3 Jan 2019. https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy/news/all-eyes-on-denmark-after-sweden-awards-nord-stream-2-permit/

  • Holm, T. A. (2018). En splinterny måling afslører danskernes vigtigste dagsorden: Det er formentlig den mulighed, Socialdemokratiet har for at vinde næste valg, Berlingske Tidende, 14th June 2018. Accessed 18 Dec 2018. https://www.berlingske.dk/politisk-morgenpost/en-splinterny-maaling-afsloerer-danskernes-vigtigste-dagsorden-det-er

  • Holstein, E., & Mølgaard, C. J. (2018). Miljø og Klima har erobret toppen af vælgernes dagsorden. Altinget.dk, 17th December 2018. Accessed 18 Dec 2018. https://www.altinget.dk/christiansborg/artikel/miljoe-og-klima-stormer-op-ad-dagsordenen

  • Hvelplund, F. (2005). Denmark. In Handbook of renewable energies in the European Union: Case studies of the EU-15 states. Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang AG.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hvelplund, F., & Djørup, S. (2017). Multilevel policies for radical transition: Governance for a 100% renewable energy system. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 35(7), 1218–1241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakobsen, M. L. F. (2010). Untangling the impact of Europeanization and globalization on national utility liberalization: A systematic process analysis of two Danish reforms. Journal of European Public Policy, 17(6), 891–908.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kooij, H. K., Oteman, M., Veenman, S., Sperling, K., Magnusson, D., Palm, J., & Hvelplund, F. (2018). Between grassroots and treetops: Community power and institutional dependence in the renewable energy sector in Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands. Energy Research & Social Science, 37, 52–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Læssøe, J. (2007). Participation and sustainable development: The post-ecologist transformation of citizen involvement in Denmark. Environmental Politics, 16(2), 231–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meilstrup, P. (2010). The runaway summit: The background story of the Danish presidency of COP15, the UN climate change conference. In N. Hvidt & H. Mouritzen (Eds.), Danish foreign policy annual yearbook 2010. Copenhagen: DIIS: Danish Institute for International Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, N. I. (2007). Learning from wind energy policy in the EU: Lessons from Denmark, Sweden and Spain. European Environment, 17, 347–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Midttun, A. (2001). Deregulated energy markets and the environment. The Nordic experience. Environmental Politics, 10(2), 90–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Midttun, A., & Kamfjord, S. (1999). Energy and environmental governance under ecological modernization: A comparative analysis of Nordic countries. Public Administration, 77(4), 873–895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry for Energy, Utilities and Climate. (2016). Klimapolitisk redegørelse 2016: Energi-, forsynings- og klimaministerens redegørelse til Folketinget om klimapolitikken, 26th October 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry for Energy, Utilities and Climate. (2019). Cyber- og informations-sikkerhedsstrategi for energisektorerne, 7th January 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mościcka-Dendys, H. (2018). Polens ambassadør i Danmark: Baltic Pipe gør Europa grønnere. Altinget.dk, 25th November 2018. Accessed 3 Jan 2019. https://www.altinget.dk/forsyning/artikel/polens-ambassadoer-i-danmark-baltic-pipe-goer-europa-groennere

  • Nielsen, M. K. (2017). Danmark bliver kulfrit i 2030. Berlingske.dk, 4th February 2017. Accessed 23 Nov 2018. https://www.berlingske.dk/virksomheder/danmark-bliver-kulfrit-i-2030

  • Øyen, M. (2018a). Fra atommarch og uldsweatre til konsensus om grøn vækst. Altinget, 11th January 2018. https://www.altinget.dk/energi/artikel/fra-atommarch-og-uldsweatre-til-konsensus-om-groen-vaekst

  • Øyen, M. (2018b). Grønt lys til omstridt gasledning. Altinget.dk, 3rd December 2018. Accessed 3 Jan 2019. https://www.altinget.dk/forsyning/artikel/groent-lys-til-omstridt-gasledning

  • Park, S. (2016). The power of presidency in UN climate change negotiations: Comparison between Denmark and Mexico. International Environmental Agreements, 16, 781–795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pye, S., Baffert, C., Brajković, J, Grgurev, I., De Miglio, R., & Deane, P. (2015). Energy poverty and vulnerable consumers in the energy sector across the EU: Analysis of policies and measures, Policy report 2, Insights_E, May 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redder, A. (2018). Konflikt om russisk gasledning nærmer sig en afslutning – var det kampen værd? Altinget.dk, 25th November 2018. Accessed 3 Jan 2019. https://www.altinget.dk/artikel/176831-konflikt-om-russisk-gasledning-naermer-sig-en-afslutning-var-det-kampen-vaerd

  • Schmidt-Felzmann, A. (2011). EU member states’ energy relations with Russia: Conflicting approaches to securing natural gas supplies. Geopolitics, 16(3), 574–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Felzmann, A., & Engelbrekt, K. (2018). Challenges in the Baltic Sea region: Geopolitics, insecurity and identity. Global Affairs, 4(4–5), 445–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoenefeld, J. J., Hildén, M., & Jordan, A. J. (2018). The challenges of monitoring national climate policy: Learning lessons from the EU. Climate Policy, 18(1), 118–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skjærseth, J. B., & Wettestad, J. (2008). EU emissions trading initiation, decision-making and implementation. Farnham: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skovgaard, J. (2017). The role of finance ministries in environmental policy making. The case of European Union emission trading system reform in Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. Environmental Policy and Governance, 27, 351–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sovacool, B. K. (2013). Energy and ethics: Justice and the global energy challenge. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Svaneborg, T. (2015). Mogens Jensen: Apple har ikke fået særaftale. DR Nyhederne, 14th August 2015. Accessed 3 Jan 2019. https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/mogens-jensen-apple-har-ikke-faaet-saeraftale

  • Szulecki, K. (2016). European energy governance and decarbonization policy: Learning from the 2020 strategy. Climate Policy, 16(5), 543–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • the Energy Agency. (2017a). Basisfremskrivning 2017. April 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • the Energy Agency. (2017b). Energistatistik 2016. 21st November 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • the Energy Agency. (2018a). Basisfremskrivning 2018: Energi- og klimafremskriving til 2030 under fravær af nye tiltag. April 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  • the Energy Agency. (2018b). Energistatistik 2017. November 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  • the Energy Agency. (2018c). Eksport af energiteknologi og –service 2017. Accessed 21 Jan 2019. https://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/Statistik/analyse_-_energiteknologi_eksporten_2018.pdf

  • The Government (Fogh Rasmussen I). (2003). Grøn markedsøkonomi – mere miljø for pengene. April 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Government (Thorning-Schmidt). (2011). Regeringsgrundlag: Et Danmark der står sammen. October 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Government (Lars Løkke Rasmussen II). (2015a). Regeringsgrundlag: sammen for fremtiden. 25th June 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Government (Løkke Rasmussen III). (2015b). Aftale mellem regeringen (V) og Socialdemokratiet, Dansk Folkeparti og Radikale Venstre om de fremtidige afgiftsvilkår for elbiler og brændselscelle biler. 9th October 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Government (Løkke Rasmussen III). (2016). Regeringsgrundlag: Marienborgaftalen 2016: for et friere, rigere og mere trygt Danmark. 27th November 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Government (Løkke Rasmussen III). (2017a). Aftale mellem regeringen (V, LA, K), Socialdemokratiet og Radikale Venstre om justering af aftalen om de fremtidige afgiftsvilkår for elbiler og brændselscellebiler af 9. oktober 2015 (nye lempelser for elbiler). 18th April 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Government (Løkke Rasmussen III). (2017b). Omlægning af bilagifterne. 21st September 2017. Accessed 9 Jan 2019. https://www.regeringen.dk/media/4044/aftaletekst-omlaegning-af-bilafgifterne-ny.pdf

  • The Government (Løkke Rasmussen III). (2018a). Energi – til et grønt Danmark. Energi, Forsynings- og Klimaministeriet. April 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Government (Løkke Rasmussen III). (2018b). Sammen om en grønnere fremtid: klima- og luftudspil. October 2018, published by the Ministry for Energy, Utilities and Climate. Accessed 13 Dec 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Togfonden. (2014). Regeringen har sammen med EL og DF indgået aftale omEn moderne jernbane – udmøntning af Togfonden DK”. 14th January 2014. https://www.trm.dk/da/politiske-aftaler/2014/aftale-om-togfond

Download references

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Barbara Hofmann for the help with the figures and Jörg Kemmerzell for thorough comments on earlier draft.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Helene Dyrhauge .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Dyrhauge, H. (2020). Energy Governance in Denmark. In: Knodt, M., Kemmerzell, J. (eds) Handbook of Energy Governance in Europe. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73526-9_7-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73526-9_7-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-73526-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-73526-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Political Science and International StudiesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Chapter history

  1. Latest

    Energy Governance in Denmark
    Published:
    19 January 2022

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73526-9_7-2

  2. Original

    Energy Governance in Denmark
    Published:
    28 November 2019

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73526-9_7-1