Abstract
Wind energy has some negative impacts on biodiversity (the most significant include mortality due to collision, barrier effect and/or disturbance). It is crucial to develop new approaches that reduce the uncertainty, and promote a compromise between economic sustainability, biodiversity conservation and social requirements. Adaptive management is presented as an approach that allows all of this. We review the current published knowledge regarding adaptive management and its application to wind energy projects and biodiversity. A step-by-step process is presented and detailed, including the discussion of relevant issues at each step. The set-up phase is crucial during project planning and allows the evaluation of different scenarios. The iterative phase is a sequential process of action and decision-making where actions are adjusted as a result of the monitoring results. Crucial factors to the success of adaptive management for a given wind farm are the involvement of different stakeholders and the capability to be a dynamic process, allowing for adjustment as a result of monitoring. A national case study is illustrated to demonstrate a comprehensive approach of adaptive management that goes beyond Portuguese legislation and promotes the involvement of several stakeholders and focus their concerns on key impacts. In the future, it is expected that this approach might be developed in line with all the Environmental Assessment Process allowing the inclusion of: (i) a detailed planning of the different phases of the project; (ii) the definition of different mitigation scenarios for expected impacts and evaluation of their costs; and (iii) the establishment of limits to the level of impacts deemed acceptable.
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Coelho, H., Mesquita, S., Mascarenhas, M. (2018). How to Design an Adaptive Management Approach?. In: Mascarenhas, M., Marques, A., Ramalho, R., Santos, D., Bernardino, J., Fonseca, C. (eds) Biodiversity and Wind Farms in Portugal. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60351-3_8
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