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Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis pp 159–177Cite as

Biogeography of Orchid Mycorrhizas

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Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 230))

Abstract

Most orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) are free-living decomposers that do not depend on orchids for establishment or survival. Despite their importance for completion of the orchid life cycle, the geographical distribution of OMF remains poorly understood. Here we review studies that examined the relationship between orchids and their mycorrhizal associates and place them in a biogeographical context. We first describe the diversity of OMF and then examine the patterns of OMF distributions according to geographical locations, biomes, and islands. OMF have been found across all major biogeographic realms and biomes. While the distribution of the major mycorrhizal fungal families that associate with orchids appears to be entirely cosmopolitan, we know little about how the distribution of particular OMF shapes the distribution of the orchids that rely on them. In the face of ongoing rapid anthropogenic influence on the natural environment, more information is needed to show how OMF communities vary across large geographical scales and how this affects the distribution of orchids. In particular, we need to identify the environmental variables (e.g., rainfall, geological substrate) that drive spatial variation in OMF communities. This information will be crucial for setting up future orchid conservation and restoration projects.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for the comments of two anonymous reviewers that improved the quality of the manuscript. KJD is currently funded by a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship from the European Commission (Grant 655889: ‘MYCRONICHE’). MAS is currently funded by the Polish National Science Centre (Maestro7-NZ project entitled Orchidomics).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, 2435, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Leuven, 3001, Belgium

    Hans Jacquemyn & Karl J. Duffy

  2. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, Sorbonne Universités, 57 Rue Cuvier—CP39, 75005, Paris, France

    Marc-André Selosse

  3. Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland

    Marc-André Selosse

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  1. Hans Jacquemyn
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  2. Karl J. Duffy
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  3. Marc-André Selosse
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Correspondence to Hans Jacquemyn .

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  1. Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu , Tartu, Estonia

    Leho Tedersoo

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Jacquemyn, H., Duffy, K.J., Selosse, MA. (2017). Biogeography of Orchid Mycorrhizas. In: Tedersoo, L. (eds) Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Ecological Studies, vol 230. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56363-3_8

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