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DNA Demethylation and Epigenetics

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Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics

Abstract

Epigenetic regulation is essential to gene expression programs necessary for normal embryonic development and maintaining cell functions throughout life. DNA methylation on cytosine nucleotides dictates those gene expression programs. However, the steady state levels and patterns of DNA methylation are maintained through the dynamic balance of DNA methylation and demethylation, and changing either side of the balance will certainly lead to the development of disease. In this chapter, we will briefly discuss recent advances on DNA demethylation and the implications in health and disease.

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Abbreviations

5caC:

5-carboxylcytosine

5fC:

5-formylcytosine

5hmC:

5-hydroxymethylcytosine

5mC:

5-methylcytosine

AA:

Ascorbic Acid

AID:

Activation induced cytidine deaminase

AP site:

Apurinic/apyrimidinic site, or abasic site

Apobec:

Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like

BER:

Base excision repair

CRISPR/CAS9:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated system 9

DNMT1:

DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1

DNMT3A:

DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A

DNMT3B:

DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B

IDH:

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

MMR:

DNA mismatch repair

SHM:

Somatic hypermutation

TDG:

Thymine DNA glycosylase

TET:

Ten eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases

UNG:

Uracil DNA glycosylase

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China

    Xiaofei Zhang

  2. Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA

    Thomas E. Witzig & Xiaosheng Wu

Authors
  1. Xiaofei Zhang
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  2. Thomas E. Witzig
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  3. Xiaosheng Wu
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Thomas E. Witzig or Xiaosheng Wu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Research Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Zhang, X., Witzig, T.E., Wu, X. (2019). DNA Demethylation and Epigenetics. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_120

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_120

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-55529-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-55530-0

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